Hydrothermally prepared vertical multilayer WS2 nanosheets on the surface of few-layer MoS2 for the ultra-sensitive NO2 detection at room temperature.

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Summary A series of shale gas adsorption and desorption experiments are conducted. Desorption and adsorption curves are not coincident, with the former located above the latter, which suggests that adsorption hysteresis also occurs in shale gas. Pseudodeviation factor (Z*) is revised to advance the material–balance equation (MBE) and flowing material balance (FMB). The case study of the Fuling Shale in China illustrates that original gas in place (OGIP) of all three wells (1–HF, 2–HF, and 3–HF) calculated by conventional FMB is lower than that calculated by refined FMB, which has accounted for adsorption hysteresis. The conventional FMB underestimates OGIP of the three wells by 2.21, 3.29, and 4.02%, respectively. Adsorption hysteresis should be accounted for to accurately determine OGIP.

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The device performance of organic–inorganic hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is highly dependent on the quality of perovskite layer. Herein, a multifunctional chemical additive strategy is reported to simultaneously improve the efficiency and stability of fully air‐processed PSCs. The planner methylammonium lead trihalide (MAPbI3)‐based PSCs incorporating sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) exhibit a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.20% and negligible hysteresis, which is one of the top efficiencies of MAPbI3‐based PSCs made in air. The increased efficiency is due to the reduction of defects and inhibition of ion migration in the perovskite films. Furthermore, the enhancement of device performance and stability can also be ascribed to highly preferred and efficient perovskite crystals protecting the perovskite films from humidity. The corresponding unencapsulated device retains 92.34% of its initial efficiency after 90 days (>2100 h) storage in air and maintains 85.20% of its original PCE after being exposed to 85 °C for 27 h. The results indicate that SDBS is a promising chemical additive to enhance the performance of air‐processed PSCs for future applications.

How to extract bioactive compounds safely and efficiently is one of the problems for the food and pharmaceutical industry. In recent years, several novel extraction techniques have been proposed. To pursue a more efficient method for industrial production, high intensity pulsed electric field (HIPEF) extraction technique has been developed. HIPEF extraction technique, which is based on the conventional pulsed electric field (PEF), provided higher electric field intensity and a special continuous extraction system, and it has confirmed less extraction time, higher extraction yield, and mild processing temperature. So this innovative technique is promising for application of industrial production. This review was devoted to introducing the recent achievement of HIPEF extraction technique, including novel HIPEF continuous extraction system, principles and mechanisms; the critical process factors influencing its performance applications; and comparison of HIPEF extraction with other extraction techniques. In the end, the defects and future trends of HIPEF extraction were also discussed.

properties, low material cost, and simple manufacturing process. [1][2][3] Multiple cycles between photons and electronhole pairs in the perovskite photoactive layer allow extracting charge on larger length scale, driving high open-circuit voltages (V oc ). [4] However, in polycrystalline perovskite films, massive defects and traps as carrier recombination center could disrupt this process, resulting in an undesirable loss of V oc and current of PSCs devices. [5] According to the position of defect energy level, defects could be divided into shallow-level defects and deep-level defects. [6] Although the contribution of shallow-level defects to nonradiative recombination is negligible, the ion migration caused by shallow-level defects not only deteriorates photovoltaic performance but also contributes to device instability, such as under-coordinated I − ions. Frustratingly, compared with shallow-level defects, the nonradiative charge recombination induced by deeplevel defects is fatal, which has been identified as the main way of charge carrier loss in the perovskite materials, such under-coordinated Pb 2+ , halide vacancies, PbX 3− antisite defects, and Pb 2+ interstitials. [7] Therefore, defect passivation is particularly critical to achieving highly efficient and stable PSCs. Excitingly, these traps and defects are electrically charged due to the ionic nature of Defect passivation has been recognized as an effective strategy to improve efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, in-depth theoretical calculations and experimental characterizations reveal the dual-site synergistic passivation of 1H-benzimidazole (BIZ), and the conjugated structure of the benzene ring tends to increase the interaction between BIZ and perovskite. High-quality perovskite films are thus achieved, with increased grain size, reduced defect density, and suppressed ion migration. Simultaneously, the reduced work function and optimized band alignment promote carrier transport, reducing nonradiative recombination, and loss of open-circuit voltages, as well as fill factor. Consequently, the target PSC devices achieve a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.59%, and 20.49% for perovskite solar module (a designated area of 27.5 cm 2 ). The unencapsulated PSC maintains 91.49% of original PCE after storing in air with an average relative humidity of 40% for 2400 h. Moreover, the device exhibits remarkable the long-term operational stability, maintaining 90.47% of initial PCE after continuously operating at the maximum power point for 1000 h. This study not only provides insights into the synergistic passivation of BIZ but also provides a strategy for the application of BIZ derivatives in the photovoltaic field.