The study of adverse event disclosure has typically focused on the words that are said to the patient and family members after an event. But there is also growing interest in determining how patients and their families can be involved in the analysis of the adverse events that harmed them. We conducted a two-phase study to understand whether patients and families who have experienced an adverse event should be involved in the postevent analysis following the disclosure of a medical error. We first conducted twenty-eight interviews with patients, family members, clinicians, and administrators to determine the extent to which patients and family members are included in event analysis processes and to learn how their experiences might be improved. Then we reviewed our interview findings with patients and health care experts at a one-day national conference in October 2011. After evaluating the findings, conference participants concluded that increasing the involvement of patients and their families in the event analysis process was desirable but needed to be structured in a patient-centered way to be successful. We conclude by describing when and how information from patients might be incorporated into the event analysis process and by offering recommendations on how this might be accomplished.
In May 2005, the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) issued an instruction (BUMEDINST 6000.14) on support of servicewomen with nursing infants, indicating that the length of time that Navy women breastfeed is below national targets. To provide additional information on breastfeeding while serving in the Navy, a limited number of questions were added to the 2005 Navy Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey asking about rates, duration, and workplace support of breastfeeding. Results of this descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study show that most officers and two-thirds of enlisted women breastfeed, but about one-third have stopped by the time they return to duty. Almost half of enlisted and over one-third of officers indicate they were not given a comfortable, secluded location for breastfeeding or pumping, although the majority are given time to do so. Also, two-thirds of enlisted and half of officer women indicate they stopped breastfeeding because of a work-related reason.
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