In May 2005, the Navy's Bureau of Medicine and Surgery (BUMED) issued an instruction (BUMEDINST 6000.14) on support of servicewomen with nursing infants, indicating that the length of time that Navy women breastfeed is below national targets. To provide additional information on breastfeeding while serving in the Navy, a limited number of questions were added to the 2005 Navy Pregnancy and Parenthood Survey asking about rates, duration, and workplace support of breastfeeding. Results of this descriptive, exploratory, cross-sectional study show that most officers and two-thirds of enlisted women breastfeed, but about one-third have stopped by the time they return to duty. Almost half of enlisted and over one-third of officers indicate they were not given a comfortable, secluded location for breastfeeding or pumping, although the majority are given time to do so. Also, two-thirds of enlisted and half of officer women indicate they stopped breastfeeding because of a work-related reason.
The interaction between xanthan gum (XG) and locust bean gum (LBG) in water has been investigated using texture analysis, thermorheological analysis and high sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry. For the batches of XG and LBG used in the present study and at a total polymer concentration of 1% w/v, texture analysis indicated that the greatest synergy occurred at approximately 10% w/w XG, while the technique also allowed measurement of the increase in strength resulting from heating the mixes to 70 and 80 degrees C and cooling to room temperature. Thermorheological studies showed a maximum in viscosity for the xanthan gum gels at approximately 45 degrees C; this maximum became less pronounced as the concentration of XG decreased. High sensitivity differential scanning calorimetry indicated that XG undergoes two transitions at approximately 30 and 80 degrees C on heating, but on cycling a single transition is seen at approximately 74 degrees C. It was also noted that the transitions were diminished or were absent in the presence of LBG.
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