Motivation to open a for-profit nursing home is the same as motivation to start any other business, and it seems that, due to various demographic and social changes, the interest in this sector, especially in developed countries, will increase in the future. In that context, this research aims to analyze the efficiency of for-profit nursing homes with a focus on Croatian for-profit nursing homes from 2015 to 2019. In order to estimate different kinds of efficiencies, precisely to estimate technological change, which can’t be estimated through windows DEA, and technical efficiency changes, the Malmquist -- DEA performance measure was chosen for this analysis. The results show that for-profit nursing homes in our sample experienced an increase in the total factor productivity by 12.67 % in the analyzed period, where the decline in technical efficiency (-0.21 %) was compensated by an increase in technological change (13.16 %). Although technological innovation shifted the relative efficient frontier to a higher level, for-profit nursing homes in our sample were far from the best production frontier, highlighting managerial inefficiency.
The population is ageing, which has many social and economic implications, and one of them is an increase in demand for institutional long-term care for the elderly. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse the change and to detect whether there are differences between twelve selected OECD countries in the period 2014-2019 in regard to the values of total factor productivity of long-term care system for the population aged 65 and over these countries. The Malmquist – DEA performance measure, under the assumption of the variable returns to scale (BCC model) and by using the input-oriented model, has been used to obtain the patterns of productivity change. The number of long-term workers and the number of beds in residential long-term care facilities are selected as input variables, while the number of long-term care recipients has been used as an output variable. According to obtained results, the total factor productivity in selected OECD countries increased by 1.023% in the analysed period. The increase is mainly a consequence of a 1.018% increase in technical efficiency, which emphasises an increase in managerial relative efficiency. Results obtained for Turkey indicate the highest productivity increase, accompanied by both a rise in technical efficiency and in technological change. Additionally, an increase in technical change that reflects a catch-up effect and a modest increase in technological change, indicating a lack of innovation altogether, resulted in an average productivity increase of 1.02% over the analysed period.
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