BACKGROUND: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is commonly used for dental appliances but has several shortcomings that could benefit from improvement with the use of nanoparticles (NPs). AIM: The purpose of this study was to modify PMMA with three different antimicrobial NPs; Graphene oxide nanosheets (nGO), Titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2 NPs) and curcumin (CUR)-loaded graphene oxide nanosheets alone, and in combination and assess the flexural strength and hardness of the different groups. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material used in this study was chemically cured PMMA that was modified with nGO, TiO2 NPs and GOCUR alone and in combination to give 6 groups; Group A: PMMA, Group B: PMMA with nGO, Group C: PMMA with TiO2 NPs, Group D: PMMA with TiO2 and GO NPs, Group E: PMMA with GOCUR, and Group F: PMMA with TiO2 NP, and GOCUR. The Six groups were tested for flexural strength and hardness. Statistical analysis was and data were expressed as means and standard deviation. Data was explored for normality using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test of normality. The ANOVA test was used to compare between groups, followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test for pairwise comparison. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: The highest flexural strength was recorded in Group C (52.26 ± 5.48 MPa) and the lowest value was in Group A (24.94 ± 5.37 MPa). The highest hardness was recorded in Group F (23.29 ± 0.8 HV) and the lowest value was in Group A (15.88 ± 1.02 HV). CONCLUSION: The modification of PMMA with NPs with proven antimicrobial activity can increase the flexural strength and hardness of the material. GO, TiO2 and, GOCUR NPs were each used alone and in different combinations, and all the groups displayed higher flexural strength and hardness than the unmodified PMMA.
Background: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a common material used in dentistry. However, it has many deficiencies that could be addressed. Ganoderma Lucidum (G. Lucidum) material has a desirable antifungal effect and may also enhance the mechanical strength of PMMA materials.Objective: This study aimed to assess the flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and antifungal activity of the PMMA modified by G. Lucidum.Material and methods: Forty-eight specimens were prepared as two groups, group 1: PMMA (control), group 2: PMMA modified by G. Lucidum. Flexural strength and antifungal activity were assessed followed by scanning by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CFLSM). Modulus of elasticity was also calculated for both groups. Data were collected and statistically tested using oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) to check the difference between studied groups then pairwise comparison by post-hoc test (Bonferroni's) was applied.Result: Group 2 showed higher flexural strength and modulus of elasticity (66.63155± 8.99886 MPa), (3243.82±732.2 MPa) respectively. Broth micro dilution assay of group 2 showed the microbial inhibited concentration (MIC) values were ≥ 375 μg/ml for Candida Albicans. This was also confirmed by the (CFLSM) by showing increased dead C. Albicans cells. Conclusion.It can be reported that the modification of PMMA with G. Lucidum can increase some mechanical properties and antifungal activity of the PMMA material.
A telescopic or double crowns consist of two main parts: a primary component that is permanently fixed to an abutment tooth or implant, and a secondary part. They provide a number of ben-efits, including cross-arch stability of the abutment teeth, axial loading of the teeth, good retention, and durability, and are therefore appropriate for elderly people, providing them with oral comfort and self-confidence. (1,2) . Double crowns are commonly
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