This paper aims at defining generic characteristics of dry ports by carrying out an analysis using a large sample of dry ports from around the world. The dataset includes details on 107 inland terminals worldwide. All dry ports in the database have been selected from studies in the extant literature before being shortlisted to fit our research scope. Data collected includes terminologies used, actors driving the development, terminal throughput, total area, services provided and the relation with the corresponding seaport(s). Using statistical analysis, the paper examines how dry port parameters are influenced by (1) a different terminal set up, like sea-driven and land-driven development, developed and developing system, dry port functions; (2) specifications of the seaport with which the dry port is connected, i.e. seaport traffic, connectivity, utilization, etc. and (3) the transport leg linking dry ports and seaports. The findings could be applied to the planning and development of inland nodes from the perspectives of different stakeholders.
This paper aims at building a conceptual framework to support decision makers in selecting the best public-private partnership (PPP) model for dry port development. We focus on a classification of four PPP categories: contracting out, inland terminal concession, field concession and privatised ownership. The framework is based on a multi-criteria analysis with benefit-risk approach. Using multi-stakeholder theory, we break down the benefit hierarchy in benefits to public and community actors, benefits to private investors and financiers and benefits to dry port users. We also present a typology on the risk management ability of each model at the macro, meso and micro levels. The proposed framework is applied to the Vinh Phuc ICD project in Vietnam. In the case study, the four PPP models are assessed on their suitability and risk profile to find the preferred PPP model. The robustness of the outcomes is further tested using a sensitivity analysis.
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