Explants of Solanum nigrum L., collected from Pachamalai hills callused successfully on MS basal medium supplemented with IAA and BAP. The highest frequency of green compact callus and multiple shoots were obtained on MS containing 2.0 mg/l IAA and 0.5 mg/l BAP. The callus when cultured on MS basal medium fortified with different concentrations of BAP (3.0 -8.0 mg/l) and IAA (0.5 mg/l) showed multiple shoot formation. The highest frequency of multiple shoots was obtained on MS containing 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. For in vitro flowering, the node explants were cultured on MS fortified with different concentrations of BAP (2.0 -7.0 mg/l) and NAA (0.5 mg/l). The highest number of multiple shoots were obtained in MS supplemented with 6.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l NAA. The in vitro flowering was observed on MS containing 2,4-D and BAP 1.5 mg/l, respectively. The best rooting was obtained on MS containing 0.5 mg/l IBA. The well-rooted plants were hardened and finally planted in the garden.
Background:
Constipation is a common, predominant, chronic gastrointestinal functional disorder. The drugs
available to treat constipation are limited because of their side effects in long term use. So we need of efficacious drug to
treat constipation. Sapindus emarginatus Vahl belongs to the family Sapindaceae, commonly known as soapnut. Traditionally used for the antipruritic, antifertility, constipation, and anti-inflammatory agents.
Objective:
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus
emarginatus (HESE) in animal models.
Methods:
The saponin content in extract was measured by gravimetric analysis. The laxative activity of hydroethanolic pericarp extract of Sapindus emarginatus is evaluated by the weight of feces matter, charcoal meal hyperperistalsis test, and
loperamide induced constipation model.
Results:
The saponin content of the soapnut pericarp was 13.48 % and the extract was found to be 11.92 %. The results obtained from these models showed a significant dose-dependent increase in fecal weight, peristalsis index, and moisture content compared to control animals.
Conclusion:
The present study concluded that the oral administration of HESE showed a significant laxative activity by using different animal models. The presence of triterpene saponins is responsible for this activity. Further studies are needed to
confirm their mechanism behind the laxative effect. The administration of extract was found to be a valid candidate in constipation therapy.
Background:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic, and prevalent, neurodegenerative disease that leads to memory loss, especially in the elderly. AD is caused by a lack of acetylcholine in the brain and oxidative stress. The Cyamopsis tetragonoloba also known as Guar or cluster bean is a legume that belongs to the family Fabaceae. It is cheap, widely consumed as a seasoned vegetable, and reported to counteract chronic diseases linked to oxidative stress, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, inflammation, and ulcer.
Objective:
The present study was undertaken to assess the anti-alzheimer’s activity of a tender green pod extract of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba on learning and memory impairment induced by scopolamine.
Methods:
The extract's total phenolic and flavonoid content was determined using a UV-visible spectrophotometer. The Cyamopsis tetragonoloba methanolic pod extract (CTMPE) at a dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg and donepezil 2.5 mg/kg was administered orally for 7 successive days. On the seventh day, a single intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was used to induce dementia. The behavioral experiments included an elevated plus maze, step-through passive avoidance, radial arm maze, and Y-maze tests were conducted. The mice were sacrificed and acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, and oxidative stress markers were measured in brain homogenate.
Results:
The total phenolic and flavonoid content was found as 12.9 mg of GAE/g and 1.71 mg of QE/g respectively. Scopolamine caused memory deterioration, as well as changes in acetylcholine, acetylcholinesterase, and increased oxidative stress in the brain. Mice pretreatment with CTMPE at both doses attenuated scopolamine-induced behavioral, neurochemical, and oxidative changes in a similar way to donepezil.
Conclusion:
The CTMPE showed an anti-amnesic effect that makes it a promising candidate targeting multiple events as a potential strategy to curb the progression of cognitive impairment.
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