Background: Katz Index is a well-known index for assessing basic activities of daily living. The aim was to determine validity and
reliability of the Katz Index in Iranian patients with acute stroke.
Methods: Eighty-seven patients (56 male, 31 female) with acute stroke (1-30 days post-stroke) participated in this psychometric
properties study. Interval time for retest was 14 days. All participants were Iranian with Persian as native language, had no other major
diseases (e.g. cancer, Alzheimer) and no psychiatric disorder. Cognitive mental score of all participants was above 18 (according to
Mini-Mental State Examination). If they had another stroke during the following-up period, they were excluded from the study. Intraclass
Correlation Coefficient (ICC), Standard Error of Measurement (SEM) and Minimum Detectable Change (MDC) were calculated to
investigate the reliability of the KI. Criterion validity of the KI was assessed by Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient (ρ). Moreover,
Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) were performed to investigate the construct validity of the
KI.
Results: Inter-rater and intra-rater reliability of Persian Katz Index were reasonable (ICC2,1=0.93, ICC2,1=0.83; respectively). Internal
consistency of this index was high (cronbach’s alpha=0.79). The high to excellent correlation was found between Katz Index and the
motion (ρ=0.88), self-care (ρ=0.98), and total scores (ρ=0.92) of Barthel Index. Factor analysis of the Persian Katz Index indicated two
factors including motion (bathing, toileting, and transferring) and self-care (dressing, bowel & bladder control, and feeding).
Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that Persian version of Katz Index in patients with acute stroke can be considered as an
acceptable clinical instrument in practice and research.
This study was designed to investigate the effects of anxiety and dual-task on reach and grasp motor control in chronic stroke survivors compared with age- and sex-matched healthy subjects (HC). Reach and grasp kinematic data of 68 participants (high-anxiety stroke (HA-stroke), n = 17; low-anxiety stroke (LA-stroke), n = 17; low-anxiety HC, n = 17; and high-anxiety HC, n = 17) were recorded under single- and dual-task conditions. Inefficient reach and grasp of stroke participants, especially HA-stroke were found compared with the control groups under single- and dual-task conditions as evidenced by longer movement time (MT), lower and earlier peak velocity (PV) as well as delayed and smaller hand opening. The effects of dual-task on reach and grasp kinematic measures were similar between HCs and stroke participants (i.e., increased MT, decreased PV that occurred earlier, and delayed and decreased hand opening), with greater effect in stroke groups than HCs, and in HA-stroke group than LA-stroke group. The results indicate that performing a well-learned upper limb movement with concurrent cognitive task leads to decreased efficiency of motor control in chronic stroke survivors compared with HCs. HA-stroke participants were more adversely affected by challenging dual-task conditions, underlying importance of assessing anxiety and designing effective interventions for it in chronic stroke survivors.
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