In the present study the antioxidative potential ofMomordica charantia, Azadirachta indica, Allium sativum andOcimum sanctum was assessed in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Lipid peroxide levels were also measured in normal, diabetic and treated animals. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were significantly higher and antioxidant activity was found low in diabetic groups as compared to the control groups, and significant alteration in both the MDA levels and antioxidant activity was also observed when the above herbal hypoglycemic agents were given to diabetic rats. On the basis of our results we conclude thatM. charantia, A. indica, A. sativum andO. sanctum are not only useful in controlling the lipid peroxide levels but are also helpful in further strengthening the antioxidant potential.
A bacterial strain PNS-1, isolated from activated sludge derived from a domestic wastewater treatment unit, could utilize 4-aminobenzenesulphonate (4-ABS) as a sole organic carbon and energy source under aerobic conditions. Degradation rate varied with the initial concentration of 4-ABS and maximum specific substrate removal rate was observed at 400 mg 4-ABS l )1 (2.3 mM). Average biomass yield was 0.31 mg/mg 4-ABS degraded. Biokinetic parameters for the degradation, determined using the Haldane relationship, were 0.26 h )1 (l max ), 6 mg l )1 (K S ) and 4020 mg l )1 (K i ). Strain PNS-1 could not utilize other isomers of benzenesulphonate and 5-sulphosalicylate as growth substrates whereas protocatechuate, pyrocatechuate and p-hydroxybenzoate could be degraded. In mixed substrate batch cultivations, where 4-ABS was one of the component, protocatechuate and 4-ABS were simultaneously utilized. Presence of 2-or 3-ABS decreased the growth and substrate degradation rates of 4-ABS. With 4-ABS and pyrocatechuate, although a lag phase was observed prior to pyrocatechuate degradation, a diauxic growth pattern was not seen.
This study revealed maximum mucocutaneous lesions in the CD4 count range of 200-500. Nail changes accounted for the most common cutaneous manifestation with 53%, and pigmentation accounted for the most common oral manifestation with 39%. Mucocutaneous manifestations can arouse one to suspect the diagnosis of HIV infection in an otherwise healthy unwary patient. They can serve as a dependable marker of HIV disease.
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