HCWs recognized various WHP activities, facilities and programs organized at their workplaces; however, their needs were notably higher than the situation reported. WHP situation differed among the three European countries.

BackgroundThis article investigates the legal database and theoretical basis of workplace health promotion (WHP) in three European countries: Finland, Latvia and Lithuania, and aims to find insights into effective WHP implementation.MethodsIn November 2013, a stakeholders’ survey was carried out. The questionnaire included questions about legal documents and non-legislative measures relevant to WHP, institutions and other bodies/organizations working in the field, WHP conception/definition, and implementation of WHP activities according to the enterprises’ size.ResultsOnly Finland has adopted a specific law on occupational health care (separate from occupational safety). ILO conventions No. 161 (Occupational Health Services Convention) and No. 187 (Promotional Framework for Occupational Safety and Health Convention) are ratified only in Finland. In Finland, the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health acts as one ministry, while two Baltic countries have two separate ministries (one for health and another for social affairs). None of the countries has legally approved a definition of WHP. Latvia and Lithuania tend to separate WHP from other activities, whereas Finland integrates WHP into other occupational health and safety elements.ConclusionsFinland has a more extensive legislative and organizational background to WHP than Latvia and Lithuania. In defining WHP, all the countries refer to the Luxembourg Declaration on Workplace Health Promotion in the European Union. Finland’s practice of integrating WHP into other occupational health and safety elements is important.

Docentė socialinių mokslų daktarė Vilniaus universiteto Bendrosios psichologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 VilniusEl. paštas:  birute.pociute@fsf.vu.ltDocentė socialinių mokslų daktarė Vilniaus universiteto Bendrosios psichologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 VilniusEl. paštas: laima.bulotaite@fsf.vu.ltDocentas socialinių mokslų daktarasVilniaus universiteto Bendrosios psichologijos katedraUniversiteto g. 9/1, LT-01513 VilniusEl. paštas: remigijus.bliumas@fsf.vu.ltEfektyvioms studijoms yra svarbi studentų ir kognityvinė, ir psichosocialinė, ir karjeros raida. Studentų pasirengimas tapti sėkmingais jų pasirinktoje profesijoje – vienas iš svarbiausių universitetui keliamų tikslų ne tik įgyvendinant akademinius uždavinius, bet ir formuojant įsipareigojimą savo profesijai. Mūsų atliktų tyrimų duomenys parodė, kad studentų pasitenkinimas studijomis yra pakankamai aukštas ir jis teigiamai susijęs su emociniu įsipareigojimu profesijai. Rezultatai taip pat atskleidė, kad, neatsižvelgiant į studijų programą ir kursą, emocinis įsipareigojimas profesijai reikšmingai susijęs su pasitenkinimu būsimu darbu ir tokiais asmenybės bruožais, kaip antai: sąmoningumas, atvirumas ir sutarumas. Tęstinis įsipareigojimas profesijai neturi reikšmingų sąsajų su pasitenkinimu studijomis, bet reikšmingai koreliuoja su neurotiškumu.

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Straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti studentų lūkesčių, motyvų ir saviveiksmingumo sąsajas su alkoholio var­tojimu. Naudojant alkoholio vartojimo lūkesčių klausimyną, atsisakymo gerti saviveiksmingumo klausi­myną, motyvų vartoti alkoholį klausimyną, motyvų nevartoti alkoholio klausimyną ir alkoholio vartoji­mo įpročių bei problemų anketą buvo apklausti 308 studentai iš 5 Lietuvos universitetų. Gauti rezultatai rodo, kad studentų motyvai vartoti alkoholį ir teigiamų pasekmių lūkesčiai yra teigiamai susiję su al­koholio vartojimo dažnumu, kiekiu ir vartojimo sukeltomis problemomis, o atsisakymo gerti saviveiks­mingumas ir motyvai nevartoti alkoholio dėl abejingumo alkoholiui yra neigiamai susiję su alkoholio vartojimo ypatumais (dažnumu, kiekiu, problemomis). Vyriškoji lytis, stipresni motyvai vartoti alkoholį ir menkesnis saviveiksmingumas prognozuoja didesnius suvartojamo alkoholio kiekius, o dažnesnį alko­holio vartojimą prognozuoja dar ir jaunesnis alkoholio vartojimo pradžios amžius. Didesnį su alkoholio vartojimu susijusių problemų skaičių prognozuoja ne tik gausesnis alkoholio vartojimas, bet ir stipresni motyvai vartoti alkoholį bei silpnesnis saviveiksmingumas. Pagrindiniai žodžiai: alkoholio vartojimas, lūkesčiai, motyvai, saviveiksmingumas.Relationship between Alcohol Outcome Expectancies, Self-Efficacy, Motives and Alcohol Consumption among University StudentsBaltrušaitytė R., Bulotaitė L.  SummaryAlcohol use is widespread among university stu­dents. While searching for the factors associated with drinking, scientists more often acknowledge the importance of various cognitive-motivational vari­ables. It is recommended to consider these variables when developing effective prevention and interven­tion programs. The cognitive-motivational variables examined in this study were: alcohol outcome ex­pectancies, drinking motives, motives for not drink­ing, and drinking refusal self-efficacy. The purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between alcohol outcome expectancies, motives, self-efficacy and alcohol consumption among Lithuanian univer­sity students. Another aim was to propose and test a meditational model in which alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems are predicted by expect­ancies, motives and self-efficacy. 308 students from five Lithuanian universities participated in this study. All participants completed the Drinking Expectancy Questionnaire – revised (DEQ-r), Drinking Refusal Self-efficacy Questionnaire – revised (DRSEQ-r), Drinking Motives Questionnaire (DMQ), motives for not drinking questionnaire and one more question­naire assessing drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems. The results have shown that the male gen­der, stronger motives to drink and a weaker drink ing refusal self-efficacy predict a larger quantity of alcohol consumed per occasion. More frequent drinking was also predicted by an earlier age of drinking onset. A larger number of alcohol-related problems was predicted not only by the frequency and quantity of alcohol consumption, but also by stronger motives to drink and a weaker drinking refusal self-efficacy. The relationship between positive alcohol outcome expectancies and alcohol consumption was medi­ated by motives and drinking refusal self-efficacy. Motives to drink predict alcohol consumption and alcohol-related problems directly and indirectly – through self-efficacy. Drinking refusal self-efficacy predicted alcohol consumption directly, and the re­lationship between self-efficacy and alcohol-related problems was mediated by alcohol consumption. Strong positive alcohol outcome expectancies and drinking motives may be considered as potential risk factors for heavy drinking and alcohol-related problems. Strong drinking refusal self-efficacy and strong motives for not drinking because of indiffer­ence toward alcohol may be considered as protective factors against drinking and alcohol-related prob­lems among university students.Keywords: alcohol consumption, expectancies, motives, self-efficacy.15%; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">