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Indonesia is the second biggest natural rubber producer in the world; however its processed rubber has low quality and price. This is because the rubber plantation most cultivated by non estate plantation (smallholding plantation). Central government of Indonesia has developed some policies to overcome this problem and one of them is to establish the Processing and Marketing Unit of Rubber material or PMUR ('UPPB') since 2008. However until 2014 only a few farmers (around 5%) had sold their products with PMUR and most farmers sell their products through traditional marketing channel. This study's aims are to discuss how big impact the existing of new marketing channel (PMUR) to farmer's income is. Study conducted in two districts (Banyuasin and Musi Rawas) of South Sumatera Province, which represent two kinds of marketing channels, those are the auction market system and the partenership market system. Sampling taken of 64 farmers (as respondents), represent participant and non participant of new market system. Data collection was done in April to September 2017. The result of this study shows that there are significantly different income for farmer's participants (PMUR) and non participants (non PUMR). The farmer's income at the auction system is higher (abaout 57%) and the farmer's income at the partnership system is higher (about 64%) than traditional marketing system. However income of both new marketing systems or PUMR (auction and partnership systems) are not significantly different. KEY WORDS Auction, partnership, rubber, income, processing and marketing unit.

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Increased awareness of the importance of health is also thought to have an impact on the consumption behavior of organic vegetables. So far, more research on purchasing decisions has been analyzed with consideration of microeconomic theory. Along with the development of information and knowledge, purchasing decisions are thought not only to be economic decisions but also to psychological considerations, especially the determinant factors. This research was carried out in the modern market of Palembang city. The research method was a survey method and the sampling method was an accidental sampling technique. Data analysis using Factorial Multivariate Analysis. The results of the analysis show psychological factors that influence purchasing decisions in terms of the importance level are (1) Perception, (2) Learning, (3) Attitudes, and (4) consistency. The analysis results differ with the level of theoretical importance. The level of importance based on the analysis are (1) motivation, (2) perception, (3) learning, and (4) attitude. The results of this study indicate that motivation is no longer a psychological factor in purchasing decisions, and there is a shift in factors where perception is the first and most important determining factor.

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Most of the paddy fields in the city of Palembang are rawa lebak land that scattered on the banks of the Musi River. One of the centers of rawa lebak rice in Palembang City is in Gandus District, which has an area of 1,017,255 hectares of rawa lebak rice fields.  The productivity of rawa lebak rice in Gandus District (4.4 tons/ha) is still lower than the average productivity of South Sumatra Province (4.975 tons/ha) and national (5.13 tons/ha). The purpose of this study was (1) to analyze the factors that influence rice production in rawa lebak rice farming in three typologies, namely  shallow, middle, and deep rawa lebak land, and (2 ) to analyze the efficiency of the use of rice production factors in rawa lebak rice farming in three typologies of rawa lebak land. The research was conducted in Gandus District, Palembang City. Sampling used purposive sampling method and taken as many as 93 farmers, consisting of 31 farmers in each rawa lebak typology.  The analysis used is a Cobb-Douglass model regression and t-test to determine the effect of production factors, and efficiency analysis to determine the efficiency of the use of production factors. The results showed that (1) The production factor of urea and NPK fertilizers had a significant affect on farming productivity in all   typologies of rawa lebak land.  Land area, seed, and pesticide factors had no significant effect on farming productivity  in all typologies of rawa lebak land. Meanwhile the labor factor had a significant effect in middle and deep rawa lebak land, but had no significant effect in shallow rawa lebak land.(2) The production factors of land area and seeds are inefficient in all land typologies. The production factor of urea  and NPK fertilizer has not been used efficiently in all land typologies. The use of pesticide factor is inefficient in the middle and deep rawa lebak land, while the use of labor is inefficient in the shallow and deep rawa lebak land.

This research aims to identify the constraints in the distribution of rice before the enactment and after the implementation of HET in the demand structure of the three types of rice, head rice, medium rice and premium rice associated with changes in consumer lexicographic preferences. The study was conducted in urban and rural areas in Indonesia with cases in South Sumatra Province. 120 samples of rice consumers were selected in 60 rural and 60 urban consumers. The method of research is in depth study by observing and interviewing to exploring the variety of reasons for choosing lexicographic preferences in consuming all three types of rice, both in urban and rural areas. Susenas data is used to assess the structure of rice demand. Data analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods. The research results indicated that: (1) there was an increase in demand for medium and premium rice in rural and urban areas in the period 2013-2017, but decreased in the 2018-2019 period. This condition is due to the imposition of the Ceiling Price (HET) and inflation in 2018; (2) along with the factors affecting rice demand between rice times in rural and urban areas there are differences; (3) there are differences in the factors affecting the demand for rice between rural and urban rice. The structure of urban consumer demand remains influenced by quality factors, while rural is not; (4) based on a lexicographic analysis of rice demand in rural consumers more on the preference of physical attributes of rice and urban consumers to quality attributes, so that urban consumers of rice quality attributes continue to influence hedonic prices; (5) Based on the lexicograpphic function of household level demand for rice by the chow test, medium rice consumption in urban areas does not change the structure of consumption, but changes in rural areas. However, medium rice has been mixed with head rice, so it can be strongly suspected that urban consumers are the same as rural, that is, they do not yet have a proper understanding of good quality attributes for rice consumption. Unlike the urban consumers who still survive the consumption of premium rice that already has sufficient awareness and knowledge about the ins and outs of rice.

This study aims to describe the efforts of the productive economy other than oil palm plantation business developed by smallholders under replanting risk, and analyze the effect of economic variables on the implementation of business diversification of household oil palm plasma smallholders. The study was conducted in the Bahar Utara, Sungai Bahar, and Bahar Selatan Sub-district respectively in Jambi to 200 respondents. Data were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square. The result showed that there are many alternatives to economically productive activities in addition to the farmer's main business oil palm plasma. To develop the business diversification in household smallholder oil palm plasma, the various stakeholders need to keep the increase in smallholding oil palm production continuously, continue to encourage capital investment, as well as reducing the available time leisure in the households of farmers by exploiting business opportunities by local resource that acceptable by both domestic and export markets.