RESUMO -O gergelim é uma cultura oleaginosa adaptada às condições semiáridas de diversas partes do mundo e a demanda pelas suas sementes e produtos está crescendo a níveis nacional e internacional. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar e comparar as características morfológicas e a qualidade fisiológica de dois cultivares de sementes de gergelim (BRS Seda e IAC China) produzidos no Brasil. Foram determinadas as seguintes características biométricas das sementes: comprimento, largura, espessura, alongamento em três orientações, diâmetro médio geométrico, área superficial, volume, esfericidade e densidade volumétrica. Assim como as variáveis relacionadas ao vigor e qualidades fisiológicas do processo germinativo: percentual de germinação de plântulas normais e anormais, índice de velocidade de germinação, tempo médio de germinação e crescimento médio no período de 24h, 72h, 120h, 168h. De acordo com os resultados, as sementes dos dois cultivares de gergelim avaliado possuem algumas características morfológicas estatisticamente semelhantes. Entretanto, houveram diferenças significativas quanto ao percentual germinativo e ao crescimento das plântulas, onde, apesar de ambos apresentarem boa qualidade e vigor fisiológico, as sementes do cultivar IAC China apresentaram melhores resultados. Palavras-chave: biometria, Sesamum indicum, fisiologia, oleaginosa.ABSTRACT -Sesame is an oilseed crop adapted to semi-arid conditions in various parts of the world and the demand for its seeds and products is growing at national and international levels. The objective of this work is to evaluate and compare the morphological characterization and physiological quality of both cultivars of sesame seeds (BRS Silk and China IAC) produced in Brazil. We studied the following biometric morphological characteristics of seeds: length, width, thickness, elongation in three directions, geometric mean diameter, surface area, volume, sphericity and bulk density. To assess the physiological effect and quality of the parameter were evaluated the germination percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings , germination velocity index , mean germination time and average growth in the period of 24h , 72h , 120h , 168h . According to the results, seeds of sesame cultivars are statistically similar to some biometric measures. However, there were significant differences in germination percentage and seedling growth, where despite both feature good quality and physiological effect, the seeds of IAC China outperformed.
Plants can absorb cadmium from contaminated soils. This toxic metal can cause many negative effects on plant's morphophysiological development. The aim of this study was to determine the biometric aspects and to assess the ecotoxicological effects of cadmium on the germination and initial development of pepper mastic (Schinus terebinthifolius). The experiment followed a completely randomized design with treatments consisting of eight cadmium concentrations (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6; 0.8; 1.0; 2.0; 4.0 and 6.0 mM), with four replications. The response variables analyzed included: percentage of germination speed index (GSI), length of shoots and roots of seedlings. Cadmium caused high percentage of inhibition on the germination of S. terebinthifolius, presenting negative effects from 0.2 mM (35.2% inhibition) by 70.2% with 0.6 mM. In early seedling development, it was found that its presence interferes with the root growth more than with shoots. In both parts, cadmium interfered significantly from the concentration of 0.2 mM. However, the 0.4 mM concentration impacts are more pronounced in the root system development. In environments contaminated by cadmium, establishing the germination and development of this species may not be possible.
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