Having a proper view from the cabin of agricultural and forest machines is one of the main factors affecting work safety and efficiency. In forestry, machine operators very often perform working activities also in the rear of the cabin. Requirements, criteria and test procedures for the field of view from the tractor cabin are stipulated by the international technical standard ISO 5721. This study evaluates field view parameters from the cabin of the tractor (Valtra T 6300) and trailer (STS 12T) unit. In accordance with the test procedures, prescribed parameters were evaluated for the forward field of view; values for the rear field of view were determined in addition to outside the standard. In order to achieve more accurate measurements and faster evaluation of data, one of the latest methods—using laser pulse reflections (method of terrestrial laser scanning)—was employed. The results of our study demonstrate that even the construction of machines manufactured before the above-mentioned standard came to force can meet the current requirements, except for minor deviations.
In forestry, dendromass for energy purposes can be obtained in the form of firewood. Alternatively, it can be sourced as so-called logging debris, which remains in the forest after logging trees, among other things, as stumps or roots. Stumps and roots are difficult to transport and contain a large proportion of soil and stones. One of the possible ways of stump extraction is with grubbing heads. Therefore, a new prototype of a grubbing head has been developed and it will be used to obtain logging waste from forest clearance areas. The advantage of this grubbing head is that it is possible to move the stump after it has been torn out, so that the soil is separated from the stump. The surface is then adjusted and aligned with the head. With the help of the excavator boom, parts of the stump are stored in piles, from which they are transported to the dendromass storage. After reaching 30% moisture, they are pulverized into energy chips, which are then taken to an incinerator or power plant. The resulting wood chips have an optimal calorific value and are presented as a renewable energy source produced from logging debris. After processing all the data, which are based on several field measurements undertaken, the average processing time of one stump was found to be three minutes. In one hour, an experienced operator is able to process up to 20 stumps on average.
Stumps left behind after the felling of trees represent an important source of renewable energy that could be used for fuel mixtures as a sustainable solution. The subject of this research was to determine the influence of tree species, stump diameter size, and subsoil on the time required for stump processing. Evaluated parameters included the mean time for one stump’s processing; the stump processing time based on the stump diameter; different soil types and tree species; and the tree species type (coniferous, broadleaved). The research was conducted in the territory of the Czech Republic in 2020/2021. There were 287 stumps and 6 tree species in total. The stumps were uprooted using a new prototype of grubbing head, developed at Mendel University in Brno, attached as an adapter on the boom of a JCB JS 220 LC excavator with a tracked undercarriage and was controlled remotely from an excavator cab. Research results confirmed that the processing time of one stump depends on the stump diameter (GLM), and the time needed for the processing of one stump increased with an increase in stump diameter in all experimental sites. An equation was suggested to predict the time needed to work on one stump.
The saplings extractor is intended primarily for replanting all types of seedling forest trees included a bale of soil without disturbing the root system. Trees growing along roads or already grown to a certain extent trees in the landscape are often need to be transplanted due to landscaping or urban planning. These trees can be used, for example, in popular tourist localities, where they can speed up the regeneration of the landscape and make visitors' stay more pleasant. However, this activities shouldn't be provided only manually, but some advanced technologies have to be used. The goal of this paper is presenting a new technology for mechanized planting using the production potential of the seedling trees. The principle of the saplings extractor lies in excavating a pit at the site that will be the subject of tree replanting, and then transplanting the pre-lifted up seedling forest tree into the prepared excavated pit. The last phase is to backfill the pit all around with soil from the excavated pit after the sapling was picked up. This paper emphasise the economic advantages of new technology and provides the saplings planting solutions in the form of landscaping, road tree rows or ornamental trees in an urbanized environment.
Open Access: Publikace "Nová technologie pro těžbu pařezů s využitím pro energetické účely" podléhá licenci CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 -https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ LDF.MENDELU.CZ ABSTRAKTPařezy, které zůstaly po kácení stromů, představují významný zdroj obnovitelné energie, který by mohl být využit pro palivové směsi jako udržitelné řešení. Předmětem tohoto výzkumu bylo zjistit vliv druhu stromu, velikosti průměru pařezu a podloží na dobu potřebnou pro zpracování pařezu. Hodnocené parametry zahrnovaly průměrnou dobu zpracování jednoho pařezu; dobu zpracování pařezu v závislosti na průměru pařezu; různé typy půdy a druhy stromů; a druh stromu (jehličnatý, listnatý). Výzkum probíhal na území České republiky v letech 2020/2021. Celkem bylo zpracováno 287 pařezů a 6 druhů stromů. Pařezy byly vytrhávány pomocí nového prototypu klučící hlavice, vyvinutého na Mendelově univerzitě v Brně, který byl připevněn jako adaptér na výložník rýpadla JCB JS 220 LC s pásovým podvozkem a byl ovládán dálkově z kabiny rýpadla. Výsledky výzkumu potvrdily, že doba zpracování jednoho pařezu závisí na průměru pařezu (GLM) a doba potřebná ke zpracování jednoho pařezu se na všech pokusných stanovištích zvyšovala s rostoucím průměrem pařezu. Byla navržena rovnice pro předpověď času potřebného ke zpracování jednoho pařezu.
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