-Background -The pretransplant period is complex and includes lots of procedures. The severity of liver disease predisposes to a high number of hospitalizations and high costs procedures. Economic evaluation studies are important tools to handle costs on the waiting list for liver transplantation. Objective -The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total cost of the patient on the waiting list for liver transplantation and the main resources related to higher costs. Methods -A cost study in a cohort of 482 patients registered on waiting list for liver transplantation was carried out. In 24 months followup, we evaluated all costs of materials, medicines, consultations, procedures, hospital admissions, laboratorial tests and image exams, hemocomponents replacements, and nutrition. The total amount of each resource or component used was aggregated and multiplied by the unitary cost, and thus individual cost for each patient was obtained. $ 5,703.22 ± 9,318.68). Conclusion -Total costs on the waiting list for liver transplantation increased according to the patient's severity. Individually, hospitalizations, hemocomponents reposition and hepatocellular carcinoma treatment were the main cost drivers to the patient on the waiting list. The longer the waiting time, the higher the total cost on list, causing greater impact on health systems.

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OBJECTIVES:The number of pancreatic transplants has decreased in recent years. Pancreatic grafts have been underutilized compared to other solid grafts. One cause of discard is the macroscopic appearance of the pancreas, especially the presence of fatty infiltration. The current research is aimed at understanding any graft-related association between fatty tissue infiltration of the pancreas and liver steatosis.METHODS:From August 2013 to August 2014, a prospective cross-sectional clinical study using data from 54 multiple deceased donor organs was performed.RESULTS:Micro- and macroscopic liver steatosis were significantly correlated with the donor body mass index ([BMI]; p=0.029 and p=0.006, respectively). Positive gamma associations between pancreatic and liver macroscopic and microscopic findings (0.98; confidence interval [CI]: 0.95–1 and 0.52; CI 0.04–1, respectively) were observed. Furthermore, comparisons of liver microscopy findings showed significant differences between severe versus absent (p<0.001), severe versus mild (p<0.001), and severe versus moderate classifications (p<0.001). The area under the receiver operating curve was 0.94 for the diagnosis of steatosis by BMI evaluation using a cut-off BMI of 27.5 kg/m2, which yielded 100% sensitivity, 87% specificity, and 100% negative predictive value.CONCLUSIONS:We observed a positive association of macroscopic and microscopic histopathological findings in steatotic livers with adipose infiltration of pancreatic grafts.

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period evaluated, admissions of elderly (older than 60 years) were the most frequent, accounting for 74% of the total. In addition, men were the majority, with 2.38 times more admissions for men than women. There were 4,311 deaths for the period. The total admissions cost was 120,108,156 BRL. There has also been an annual growth trend in total costs with hospital admissions. Mean cost per admission was 1,990 BRL over the four year period. ConClusions: These results suggest an increasing impact of urothelial carcinoma on SUS admissions costs, especially affecting older men. This pathology has high morbidity and mortality rates if not treated optimally, and investigational immunotherapies that train the immune system to recognize cancer cells may improve outcomes for these patients.

0 1 7 ) A 8 5 3 -A 9 4 3 period evaluated, admissions of elderly (older than 60 years) were the most frequent, accounting for 74% of the total. In addition, men were the majority, with 2.38 times more admissions for men than women. There were 4,311 deaths for the period. The total admissions cost was 120,108,156 BRL. There has also been an annual growth trend in total costs with hospital admissions. Mean cost per admission was 1,990 BRL over the four year period. ConClusions: These results suggest an increasing impact of urothelial carcinoma on SUS admissions costs, especially affecting older men. This pathology has high morbidity and mortality rates if not treated optimally, and investigational immunotherapies that train the immune system to recognize cancer cells may improve outcomes for these patients.objeCtives: Estimar os custos diretos do tratamento de pacientes com câncer de mama sob a perspectiva de uma operadora de planos de saúde (OPS) de Fortaleza, Ceará -Brasil. Methods: Estudo observacional retrospectivo. Os dados foram retirados de uma base informatizada da OPS, no período de janeiro a dezembro de 2016, levando em consideração os pacientes categorizados como C50 no CID (ICD)-10. Para a análise de custos foram consideradas a radioterapia e a quimioterapia endovenosa, quanto a essa, sendo avaliados os custos com antineoplásicos, terapias de suporte, aplicações, honorários de profissionais, materiais médico hospitalares, diárias de internações, taxas de salas e outros serviços. Results: Um total de 6.040 pacientes foram analisados. O custo médio com antineoplásico foi de R$ 2.470,31 por paciente e os demais custos médios correlacionados com quimioterapia foram de R$ 1.110,63 por paciente. O quimioterápico mais oneroso para OPS no tratamento de câncer de mama foi o trastuzumabe, com custo total de R$ 6.046.355,12, seguido de pertuzumabe com R$ 1.578.994,71 e paclitaxel com R$ 1.280.698,16. A radioterapia foi utilizada por 206 pacientes gerando um custo médio de aproximadamente R$ 98.120,00 por paciente. ConClusions: De acordo com os dados analisados podemos observar que o câncer de mama tem um alto impacto econômico para as instituições privadas de saúde. Com base nesse cenário faz-se necessário uma melhor avaliação dos recursos disponíveis frente a uma demanda limitada de recursos. É importante que demais avaliações sejam realizadas sob outras perspectivas com o objetivo de conhecer o real impacto econômico no tratamento do câncer de mama.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella isolates from lactating cows by collecting milk and faecal samples from selected dairy farms. MethOds: Samples were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water followed by selective enrichment using tetrathionate and Rapaport-Vassilidis broths. Isolation and identification was made by inoculating the selectively enriched sample onto Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests and by polymerase chain reaction. The Kibry Bauer disk diffusion method was used for antimicrobial sensitivity testing. Results: From the total cows 8.16% were shaded Salmonella. Even though all isolates were 100% susceptible to amikacin, amoxacilin/clavulnicacid, ampicillin, cefoxitin, trimetotoprim/sulfametoxazol, trimethoprim, gentamicin and ceftriaxone but they were developed resistance to nitrofurantaion (83.3%, Sulfisoxazole (50%) and streptomycin (33.3%). cOnclusiOns: These results might be an indication for the development of a considerable risk in the treatment of clinical cases. Therefore, wise use of antimicrobials must be practiced to combat the ever increasing situation of antimicrobial resistance.