The objective of the present study was to summarize the prevalence and influencing factors of metabolically healthy obese (MHO) and metabolically obese but normal weight (MONW) among people ≥ 18 years old in the general population worldwide. We searched for studies of the prevalence of MHO and MONW published in English and Chinese up to October 2013. Pooled prevalence estimates were calculated by a random-effects model according to a Q test. The effects of gender, region, age, sample size, smoking, and alcohol consumption on MHO and MONW were analyzed. Differences between subgroups were assessed by chi-square test. Publication bias was estimated by Egger's test. Studies of MHO and MONW showed heterogeneity (I(2)=99.4% and I(2)=99.7%, respectively). The overall prevalence of MHO and MONW was 7.27% (95% CI 5.92-8.90%) and 19.98% (95% CI 16.54-23.94%), respectively. American populations had the highest MHO prevalence and European populations the highest MONW prevalence. Different patterns of MHO and MONW were observed in the subgroup analysis with respect to gender, age, sample size, smoking, alcohol consumption, and metabolically healthy criteria. The prevalence of both MHO and MONW were affected by gender, region, age, sample size, smoking, alcohol consumption, and metabolically healthy criteria, but studies showed high heterogeneity.

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A N and Fe codoped monoclinic BiVO (N-Fe-BVO) photocatalyst was prepared via a conventional sol-gel method and was evaluated for the photocatalytic reduction of CO with HO under visible-light irradiation (>400 nm). As revealed by the structural and photoelectric characterization, the doped N and Fe species can enter the lattice of BiVO and induce the codopant levels in the forbidden region of BiVO, which helps in increasing visible-light absorption, suppressing charge recombination and promoting charge migration. Compared to pure or single-doped BiVO, the N-Fe-BVO photocatalyst exhibited substantially improved visible-light photocatalytic activity for CO reduction, with the highest hydrocarbon generation rate of 27 μmol h g and the corresponding quantum efficiency of 1.86% being obtained. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of N-Fe-BVO can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the simultaneous presence of the Fe and N dopants, and the possible photocatalytic mechanism was also proposed based on the characterization results.

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Compared to metallic composite metamaterials of double split-ring resonators with wires, double-ring resonators without additional wires are simple to engineer. In this paper, we have numerically studied the transmittance of double split- and closed-ring resonators at normal-to-plane incidence and identified their fundamental resonance modes. It is found that the antisymmetric and symmetric resonance modes originate from the out-of-phase and in-phase oscillations of surface charges in the neighboring legs of the double-ring resonators, respectively. The coupling of the antiparallel induced currents in the neighboring legs gives rise to magnetic resonance and consequently negative permeability of the antisymmetric mode. The negative refraction transmission of the double-ring resonators at normal-to-plane incidence is verified by dispersion curve and wedge-shaped model simulations. Our study provides a route to negative refraction metamaterial design by using the antisymmetric resonance mode of the simple double-ring structure at normal-to-plane incidence which is of particular importance for the terahertz and infrared domain.