Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obese and Metabolically Obese but Normal Weight in Adults Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis

Wang, B.; Zhuang, Renkun; Luo, Xinping; Li, Yin; Pang, Chao; Feng, Ting; You, H.; Zhai, Yujia; Ren, Yazhou; Zhang, L.; Li, L.; Zhao, Jiupeng; Hu, Dongsheng

doi:10.1055/s-0035-1559767

Cited by 97 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The prevalence of MHO in Europe varied from 1.1 to 6.6% and that of MUO from 7.2 to 21.4% [32, 39-41]. Compared to a European population, Americans had a higher prevalence of MHO, and this was consistent with a meta-analysis [42] focusing on the prevalence of MHO in adults. Studies in Korea showed that the prevalence of MHO varied from 5.7 to 25.8% and the prevalence of MUO from 13.6 to 25.9%, and most studies used ATPIII to define metabolic abnormality [22, 29, 43-45].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

et al. 2019

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Objective: Obesity-related disease risks may vary depending on whether the subject has metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) or metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO). At least 5 definitions/criteria of obesity and metabolic disorders have been documented in the literature, yielding uncertainties in a reliable international comparison of obesity phenotype prevalence. This report aims to compare differences in MHO and MUO prevalence according to the 5 most frequently used definitions. Methods: A random sample of 4,757 adults aged 35 years and older (male 51.1%) was enrolled. Obesity was defined either according to body mass index or waist circumference, and the definitions of metabolic abnormalities were derived from 5 different criteria. Results: In MHO, the highest prevalence was obtained when using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) criteria (13.6%), followed by the Chinese Diabetes Society (11.4%), Adult Treatment Panel III (10.3%), Wildman (5.2%), and Karelis (4.2%) criteria; however, the MUO prevalence had an opposite trend to MHO prevalence. The magnitude of differences in the age-specific prevalence of MHO and MUO varied greatly and ranked in different orders. The proportion of insulin resistance for MHO and MUO individuals differed significantly regardless of which metabolic criterion was used. Conclusion: The prevalence of MHO and MUO in the Chinese population varies according to different definitions of obesity and metabolic disorders.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

et al. 2019

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“…Although, actual weight gain has been found ranging from 1.6 lbs (0.73 kg) to 8.8 lbs (3.99 kg), some studies have even found that no significant weight gain occurs in the first year of college (6)(7)(8). The abnormal weight gain and obesity has been reported as an epidemic phenomenon according to the world health organization (WHO), with an approximate number of 1.4 billion worldwide overweight and 300 million persons clinically obese (9,10). Governments and health organizations are trying to do the necessary strategies to prevent the negative consequences of obesity such as cardiac, endocrine and cancer diseases (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Physical and Demographic Conditions of Freshman "15" Male Medical Students

Sharif¹,

Sayyah²

2018

Int J Sport Stud Hlth

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Objectives: Anthropometric conditions of college students following their admission to college programs is one of the concerns of health authorities as well as the health policy makers. The concept of 'Freshman 15' is a popular term that describes dramatic weight gain of college students. This research was designed to examine the anthropometric conditions of newly admitted medical students. Methods: 51 male students aged 19 -21 years old admitted to the undergraduate programs in colleges of medicine at Kashan University of Medical Sciences participated in this cross sectional study. Demographic characteristics of the participants including age, weight, waist and hip circumferences sizes were measured and recorded. Flexible tape was used to measure waist and hip circumferences sizes in centimeter. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests with the significant levels of P ≤ 0.05. Results: The result indicated that only 16 (34.4 percent) of the admitted students had normal weight while 26 (51 percent) were overweight and 8 (15.7 percent) were fat. In addition, 18 (35.3 percent) were in age 18 group, 15 (29.4 percent) in age 19 and 18 (35.3 percent) were in age 20 group. The result of one-way ANOVA suggested that there was a significant difference between the BMI of the age group of 18 to the 19 and 20 years old (respectively, P = 0.02, P = 0.03), while no significant differences was found between the age group 19 and 20 years old (P > 0.05). Conclusions:The result suggested that a considerable proportion of newly admitted male medical students are already overweight or fat prior to starting their medical education. Further research is needed to follow the weight changes after they start their medical education.

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“…The metabolically unhealthy phenotype is defined by two or more of four of these components except for waist circumference, and the metabolic syndrome is identified by the presence of three or more of five components (9–11). A recent world-wide meta-analysis shows that 30.0% (95% CI: 25.6–35.6%) of normal-weight adults were metabolically unhealthy (12). Using criteria of two or more metabolic abnormalities, Wildman et al found that 23.5% of normal-weight US adults were metabolically unhealthy (13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic Phenotype and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Normal-Weight Postmenopausal Women

Liang

Margolis

Hendryx

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background The prevalence of metabolically unhealthy phenotype in normal-weight adults is 30%, and few studies have explored the association between metabolic phenotype and colorectal cancer incidence in normal-weight individuals. Our aim was to compare the risk of colorectal cancer in normal-weight postmenopausal women who were characterized by either the metabolically healthy phenotype or the metabolically unhealthy phenotype. Methods A large prospective cohort, the Women’s Health Initiative (WHI), was used. The analytical sample included 5,068 postmenopausal women with BMI 18.5–<25 kg/m2. Metabolic phenotype was defined using the Adult Treatment Panel-III (ATP-III) definition, excluding waist circumference; therefore, women with one or none of the four components (elevated triglycerides, low HDL-C, elevated blood pressure, and elevated fasting glucose) were classified as metabolically healthy. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios for the association between metabolic phenotype and risk of colorectal cancer. Results Among normal-weight women, those who were metabolically unhealthy had higher risks of colorectal cancer (HR: 1.49, 95% CI: 1.02–2.18) compared to those who were metabolically healthy. Conclusions A metabolically unhealthy phenotype was associated with higher risk of colorectal cancer among normal-weight women. Impact Normal-weight women should still be evaluated for metabolic health and appropriate steps taken to reduce their risk of colorectal cancer.

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Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy Obese and Metabolically Obese but Normal Weight in Adults Worldwide: A Meta-Analysis

Cited by 97 publications

References 23 publications

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

The Prevalence of Metabolically Healthy and Unhealthy Obesity according to Different Criteria

Assessing Physical and Demographic Conditions of Freshman "15" Male Medical Students

Metabolic Phenotype and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Normal-Weight Postmenopausal Women

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