QUESTIONS @ POINT OF CARE markable. One month before admission minimal proteinuria was found. Physical examination did not reveal any significant signs and symptoms beyond edema. Urinalysis demonstrated nephrotic range proteinuria (10 g/day) without any abnormalities of the urinary sediment. Total blood count showed hemoglobin 12.5 g/dL, an erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 40 mm/h, hematocrit 54%. The main biochemical data are summarized in Table I. No monoclonal component was found either in the serum or the urine. Thromboembolic events were not observed. Ultrasonography revealed two normal-sized kidneys and presence of ascites. Chest plain radiography revealed bilateral hydrothorax. Limitation of the oral sodium intake to 2.5 g daily was recommended. The intravascular volume was corrected by intravenous infusions of 20% albumin (2 mL/min for 1-1.5 hours). Intravenous infusions of furosemide (initial bolus-60 mg, followed by continuous infusions-60 mg/h) were
HCV-associated CV can determine the prognosis of chronic HСV infection. AVT is the treatment of choice in all patients with HСV-associated CV. AVT must be combined with rituximab therapy in patients with severe forms of vasculitis.
In this article we discussed the current state of monoclonal gammapathy of renal significance (Monoclonal Gammopathy of Renal Significance MGRS) and revealed problems of B-cell clone secreting nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin identification. We followed 276 patients with monoclonal gammapathy including patients with non-amyloid nephropathy. The majority of patients had systemic AL-amyloidosis. We established better survival of the treated patients with systemic AL-amyloidosis in comparison with retrospective untreated cohort. We considered current treatment of patients with non-amyloid nephropathy and focused on the crucial role of multidisciplinary approach in management of these patients.
Goodpasture’s disease (anti-GBM disease) is a rare small vessels vasculitis characterized by the presence of autoantibodies directed against the glomerular basement membrane (GBM) and alveolar basement membrane. Common feature of anti-GBM disease is a combination of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and alveolar hemorrhage (pulmonary-renal syndrome). We present a case of atypical disease course in a young male patient who developed alveolar hemorrhage without renal failure. The only symptom of renal involvement was isolated hematuria. Plasmapheresis combined with immunosuppression (cyclophosphamide and corticosteroids) was effective. We present a review of state-of-art data on the pathogenesis and disease course of anti-GBM disease.
Autoinflammatory disease (AID) is a new concept formulated from the results of studying the pathogenesis of familial periodic fevers, a heterogeneous group of genetically determined diseases characterized by causelessly recurrent exacerbations of the inflammatory process due to genetically determined disorders of innate immunity and accompanied by uncontrolled hypersecretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1). These mechanisms were a basic model for understanding a wide range of rheumatologic and other inflammatory diseases of the internal organs. The late diagnosis of AIDs and their ineffective treatment increase the risk for the development and progression of secondary AA amyloidosis. Elaboration of both clinical and effective laboratory criteria for diagnosing autoinflammation is of great importance for determining the tactics of anti-inflammatory therapy and prevention of complications.
Aim. To evaluate the results of immunosuppressive and/or antiviral treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced mixed cryoglobulinemic (MC) vasculitis. Material and methods. This prospective study included 60 patients (m/f - 23/49, age - 45,9±11,1) with HCV-MC vasculitis. The Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) was used before the treatment and during follow-up (3,5±4,1 years). The rate of clinical and immunological responses to the treatment, the frequency of relapses and the influence of different treatment approaches on the prognosis of the disease were evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors influencing the effectiveness of treatment. Results. 23 (38%) patients had liver cirrhosis. BVAS scores before treatment ranged from 2 to 36. 25 (41,6%) patients had BVAS≥15. 6 (10%) patients presented with B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The antiviral treatment resulted in the elimination of the virus in 48.0% of the cases, complete clinical and immunological responses were achieved in 68,0% and 32,0% respectively. It had an advantage over immunosuppressive therapy in terms of long-term results of the treatment. We established the superiority of anti-CD monoclonal antibodies (rituximab) over conventional immunosuppressive drugs: complete clinical response 73% vs 13% (p=0,001). Combined therapy (rituximab and antiviral treatment) was more effective in patients with severe vasculitis (BVAS≥15). A case of successful treatment using direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) is reported. Causes of MC-vasculitis relapses after achieving sustained viral response are discussed. Conclusion. Antiviral therapy is the treatment of choice in all patients with HCV- HCV-MC vasculitis. Preference should be given to highly effective and safe modern therapy regimens with the use of DAAs. The antiviral treatment of severe forms of vasculitis must be combined with rituximab therapy.
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