During the growth of <100>-oriented, heavily n-type doped silicon crystals by the Czochralski method dislocation formation occurs frequently, leading to a reduction of the crystal yield. Up to now, it is not clear where and why the dislocations form. Therefore, heavily As-doped crystals were studied in this work in more detail by means of X-ray topography (XRT) and synchrotron X-ray topography (SXRT). From the data obtained it is concluded that dislocations form during growth of the top cone of the crystals in the vicinity of one of the four so-called growth ridges.
This study analyses the phenomenon of constitutional supercooling, which is one of the major problems in industrial growth of heavily doped (> 10 20 atoms/cm 3 ) silicon crystals by the Czochralski technique. The systematic study is based on theoretical models and experimental data considering the eect of three important dopants (B, P, and As) in dependence of the relevant growth parameters for the Czochralski process. Based on these results, conclusions will be drawn for the stability limits of the Czochralski growth of dislocation-free heavily doped silicon crystals in dependence of the doping species and their concentration.
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