Objective. Our objective was to estimate degree and rate of discordant growth and its impact on perinatal outcome in dichorionic twin pregnancies conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) compared to those conceived spontaneously. Study Design. Growth discordance was defined as 90th percentiles for the study population. Adverse perinatal outcome was defined as 5-minute Apgar score <7 and/or admission to neonatal intensive care unit. Results. In the total study population of dichorionic twins (176 conceived by IVF and 215 spontaneously), 30% discordant growth represented the 90th percentile. After adjusting for gestational age, discordant twins conceived by IVF or spontaneously were at higher risk for adverse perinatal outcome (hazard ratio 4.4; 95% CI 2.4–8.3, P < 0.0001; hazard ratio 2.5; 95% CI 1.5–4.4, P = 0.001, resp.). Similar rates of 5-minute Apgar score <7, admission to neonatal intensive care unit, and delivery <34 weeks were found between discordant twins conceived by IVF and those conceived spontaneously. Conclusion. Dichorionic twins conceived by IVF are at similar risk for the rate and degree of discordant growth and adverse perinatal outcome compared to dichorionic twins conceived spontaneously.

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Purpose: The objectives of this study were as follows: to present the course and outcome of pregnancies complicated with neural tube defects, determine the association between prenatal ultrasound diagnoses, and definitive diagnoses after autopsy. Matherial and Methods: The survey was designed as a retrospective study and included 24 pregnant women who were attending a regular ultrasound examinations at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, or patients who were referred from other institutions in Serbia. Results: Neural tube defects are divided into five subgroups: spina bifida, meningocele, myelomeningocele, acranius, and anencephaly. The most frequent in the present study was spina bifida with 67%. All pregnancies complicated with neural tube defects were terminated. Conclusion: Their clinical severity and uncertain cause make them priorities for further research, whether to better target primary preventive measures, to improve in-utero surgery for prenatal repair, or to identify the causative genes to provide an objective basis for individual genetic counselling.

Malformations of the central nervous system are the most complicated and the most common congenital disorder with a prevalence of one in 100 to one in 500 newborns. Regular ultrasound examinations are the most important aspect of detecting these anomalies [1]. The etiology of the disease is variable and can be genetic (chromosomal abnormalities), secondary (as a consequence of intracranial hemorrhage, hypoxic-ischemic lesions, transplacental infection, obstruction of the flow of cerebrospinal fluid) or multifactorial [2,3].Ventriculomegaly is defined as an ventricular increase regardless of the degree and etiology of enlargement. Hydrocephalus refers to a heavier degree of ventriculomegaly. Transverse diameter (width) of atrium measurement is the most widely accepted method for ultrasound evaluation of the size of the lateral ventricles of the brain. It is measured at the level of choroid plexus glomus. Ventriculomegaly is divided according to the degree of enlargement in mild (10-12 mm), moderate (13-15 mm), and severe (> 15 mm). The term 'borderline' includes mild and moderate ventriculomegaly and represent 'gray zone', because the authors do not agree that it is real ventriculomegaly or just a phase in the normal development of the cerebral ventricles [4][5][6]. In the case of diagnosis of borderline ventriculomegaly, sometimes it is difficult to make a final decision on the further course of pregnancy and advise parents. Mild ventriculomegaly frequently affects both lateral ventricles, and it can also be unilateral or asymmetric [7]. Isolated ventriculomegaly is defined as a ventricular enlargement with normal intraventricular pressure, which is not associated with other sonoFigureic abnormalities of the central nervous system and accounts for 20% of sonoFigureically detected fetal ventriculomegaly. It is considered a dynamic process, so that from the moment of diagnosis until the end of pregnancy may cause spontaneous regression, but also can progress to a severe form [8,9].The objectives of this study were as follows: to present the course and outcome of pregnancies complicated with fetal ventriculomegaly, determine the association between prenatal ultrasound diagnoses and definitive postnatal diagnosis or diagnoses after autopsy and additional analysis, and to monitor the psychomotor development of children born with ventriculomegaly. Materials and Methods Time and place of study implementationThe research was conducted at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical center of Serbia in the period from January 2002 until December 2012. Respondents -monitoring unitsThe study included 62 pregnant women who were attending a regular ultrasound examinations at the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Center of Serbia, or patients who were re-

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