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PurposeTo assess the association between computed tomography (CT)-derived quantitative measures of body composition profiling and chemotherapy-related complications, in terms of dose reduction, premature discontinuation of chemotherapy, and cycle delays in patients with ovarian cancer. Secondary purposes were to evaluate associations between sarcopenia and survival, and to evaluate differences in body composition profiling at baseline and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.Materials and MethodsThe study population was retrospectively selected from a database of patients with newly diagnosed ovarian cancer (any stage) referred to our Institution between Feb 2011 and Mar 2020. Clinical data were recorded, and CT images at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra were stored. By using specific software, skeletal muscle area (SMA), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and skeletal muscle density (SMD) were extracted. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was then calculated. Statistical analysis was performed by logistic regression models to identify body composition features predictive of dose reduction, premature end of chemotherapy, and cycle delays. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to assess overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The log-rank test was used to determine differences in OS and PFS between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients. Wilcoxon test was performed to compare body composition features before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT).ResultsSixty-nine patients were included. A significant association was found between VAT and cycle delays (OR = 1.01, z = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.00–1.02, p < 0.05), between SMA and early discontinuation of chemotherapy (OR = 1.03, z = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.00–1.05, p < 0.05), and between mean SMD and cycle delays (OR = 0.92, z = −2.70, 95%CI: 0.87–0.98, p < 0.01). No significant difference emerged for OS in sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients, nor in CT body composition features before and after NACT.ConclusionsIn ovarian cancer patients, CT-derived body composition profiling might predict the risk of chemotoxicity. In particular, VAT and SMD are associated with chemotherapy cycle delays, and SMA with early discontinuation of chemotherapy.

Currently, there is limited data regarding the effectiveness of standard subsequent line therapies such as endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, or targeted agents after progression on CDK4/6 inhibitor-based regimens. This paper describes time-to-treatment failure beyond progression on palbociclib or palbociclib+endocrine therapy in patients enrolled in the phase II, multicenter TREnd trial. Our results indicate that there is limited benefit from post-palbociclib treatment, regardless of the type of therapy received. A small population of long responders were identified who demonstrated ongoing benefit from a subsequent line of endocrine therapy after progression to palbociclib-based regimens. A translational research program is ongoing on this population of outliers.