The Kafue lechwe population of Zambia numbers 90,000 and is divided by the River Kafue into two virtually segregated populations. The south bank population is known to be infected with tuberculosis but the north bank is thought to be free. One hundred and twenty-five south bank lechwe were cropped at random and lesions of tuberculosis were found in 45 (36 %). Isolates from lung lesions were typed as Mycobacterium tuberculosis vat. boris.Twenty-five of 27 pneumonia cases appeared active and on the assumption that these would die within 12 months the annual mortality due to tuberculosis was estimated as around 8,000.The disease in lechwe and the neighbouring cattle population is discussed.

Aerial surveys from 1970 onwards suggest a stable Kafue lechwe population of 94 000*9% on the Kafue Flats. The present distribution shows a contraction in dry and wet season range in comparison with 1953154.

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Summary An aerial census of the large mammal populations of the Bouba Ndjida National Park, Cameroon was carried out, using systematic transect sampling. The park area was divided into six blocks with two in the high density stratum and four in the low density stratum. Total population estimates of the most abundant species have been compared with results of previous ground counts. Accuracy and precision of the estimates and applicability of light aircraft in these types of habitat are discussed. The locality of all recorded animals was plotted on a 1:100 000 vegetation map for preparation of distribution maps. Relative habitat preferences were calculated for four major vegetation types. Results are discussed and costs evaluated. Résumé Un recensement aérien des populations de grands mammiféres du Parc National de Bouba Ndjida, au Cameroun, a été réalisé par itinéraires‐échantillons systématiques. La surface du Parc fut divisée en six zones dont deux comprenant des strates à densitéélevée et quatre à densité faible. Les estimations de la population totale des espéces les plus abondantes sont comparées aux résultats des comptages terrestres antérieurs. L'exactitude et la précision des estimations et l'usage d'un avion léger pour ces types d'habitats sont discutés. La localisation de tous les animaux recensés fut reportée sur une carte de végétation au 1: 100 000 pour l'élaboration de cartes de distribution. Les préférences relatives d'habitat furent calculées pour quatre types principaux de végétation. Les résultats sont discutés et les coûts évalués.

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