Pulmonary tuberculosis in free-living lechwe antelope in Zambia

Gallagher, J; Macadam, Ian; Sayer, J. A.; Lavieren, L.P. van

doi:10.1007/bf02360112

Cited by 38 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Other reports have attributed the high prevalence of BTB in cattle in the Kafue basin to the contact that exists between cattle and wild animals, particularly the lechwe antelopes (Cook et al, 1996;Cosivi et al, 1998;Pandey, 1998;Sitima, 1997). Some reports have described the Kafue lechwe antelope as a reserviour/source of source of an un-treatable BTB (Gallagher et al, 1972;Pandey, 1998;Stafford, 1991). Pandey (1998) postulated that cattle on the plains could acquire BTB through grazing contaminated pastures (Pandey, 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a gregarious medium sized semi-aquatic antelope living in very large groups that become further concentrated during the rainy (due to floods) and dry season (due to limited grazing and watering points). It has been reported to share water and grazing pasture with cattle during the drier months of the year (Gallagher et al, 1972). When pasture grounds dwindle due to aridity and watering points remain few, the grazing range of cattle and lechwe antelopes overlap and the two animal species interact through congregating at few remaining watering points and thus facilitating possible transmission through the contamination of pasture and water sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis in traditional cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in the Kafue basin of Zambia

Munyeme

Muma

Skjerve

et al. 2008

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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We conducted a cross-sectional study from August 2003 to February 2004 to identify risk factors for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in the Kafue basin of Zambia. We investigated a total of 106 herds of cattle for presence of BTB using the comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CITT) while an interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to gather epidemiological data on herd structure, management and grazing strategies. BTB prevalence at herd level was estimated and possible risk factors were investigated using the multiple logistic regression model. The true herd level prevalence of BTB was estimated at 49.8% (95% CI: 37.9, 61.7%). The logistic regression model showed that cattle herd BTB status was highly associated with area and husbandry practices. When compared to Kazungula, cattle herds in Blue Lagoon were more likely to test positive for BTB when other factors such as management practices were controlled (OR = 10.5). In terms of grazing strategies, transhumant herds (TH) had higher odds (OR = 3.0) of being positive compared www.elsevier.com/locate/prevetmed to sedentary herds (OR = 1.0). The results in this study provide preliminary information about potential risk factors that were found to be associated with BTB status in cattle. #

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis in traditional cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in the Kafue basin of Zambia

Munyeme

Muma

Skjerve

et al. 2008

Preventive Veterinary Medicine

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“…27 Lechwe numbers in the early 1970s were estimated around 90 000 animals. 15 Surveys indicated that significant population declines in these antelope have been ongoing since the 1970s. 27 Other wildlife species known to be infected with BTB in South Africa's national parks include lions (Panthera leo), cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus), chacma baboons (Papio ursinus), greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros), leopards (Panthera pardus), hyenas (Crocuta crocuta), large-spotted genets (Genetta tigrina), warthogs (Phacochoerus aethiopicus), bushpigs (Potamochoerus porcus), and eland (Taurotragus oryx); however, most or all of these animals-with the possible exception of the kudu-appear to be secondary dead-end hosts at this time.…”

Section: African Buffalo and Lechwe In Parks In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No cases of BTB were found in juvenile animals younger than 18 months. 15 Surveillance. Surveillance for BTB in Kruger National Park has been ongoing for several decades.…”

Section: African Buffalo and Lechwe In Parks In Africamentioning

confidence: 99%

Wildlife Reservoirs of Bovine Tuberculosis Worldwide: Hosts, Pathology, Surveillance, and Control

2012

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Bovine tuberculosis due to Mycobacterium bovis is a zoonotic disease classically carried by cattle and spilling over into humans primarily by the ingestion of milk. However, in recent decades, there have been many endemic geographic localities where M. bovis has been detected infecting wildlife reservoirs, limiting the progress toward eradication of this disease from cattle. These include cervids in North America, badgers in Great Britain, feral pigs in Europe, brushtailed possums in New Zealand, and buffalo in South Africa. An overview of these wildlife hosts will provide insight into how these reservoirs maintain and spread the disease. In addition, the authors summarize the pathology, current ongoing methods for surveillance, and control. In many instances, it has proven to be more difficult to control or eradicate bovine tuberculosis in wild free-ranging species than in domesticated cattle. Furthermore, human influences have often contributed to the introduction and/or maintenance of the disease in wildlife species. Finally, some emerging themes regarding bovine tuberculosis establishment in wildlife hosts, as well as conclusions regarding management practices to assist in bovine tuberculosis control and eradication in wildlife, are offered.

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“…Nevertheless, published information seems to indicate that bTB is probably widespread in livestock at the continental level [32,33], whereas bTB infection of wildlife has only been confirmed in few countries of southern and eastern Africa [13,21,34].…”

Section: Regional Contexts For Btb In Wildlife In Africa Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of bovine tuberculosis at the wildlife–livestock–human interface in sub-Saharan Africa

et al. 2013

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SUMMARYInfection of wild animals by bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is raising concern worldwide. This article reviews the current epidemiological situation, risk of emergence and control options at the wildlife-livestock-human interface in sub-Saharan Africa. In livestock, bTB has been confirmed in the majority of countries from all parts of the continent. Wildlife infection is confirmed in seven countries from southern and eastern Africa, apparently spreading in the southern Africa region. Mycobacterium bovis has been isolated from 17 wild mammal species, although only four are suspected to play a role as maintenance host. Zoonotic risks are a concern, but no direct spillover from wildlife to humans has been documented, and no case of bTB spillback from wildlife to livestock has been confirmed. In this paper we assess the main risk factors of bTB spillover at the wildlife-livestock-human interface and suggest several research themes which could improve the control of the disease in the African context.

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Pulmonary tuberculosis in free-living lechwe antelope in Zambia

Cited by 38 publications

References 2 publications

Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis in traditional cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in the Kafue basin of Zambia

Risk factors associated with bovine tuberculosis in traditional cattle of the livestock/wildlife interface areas in the Kafue basin of Zambia

Wildlife Reservoirs of Bovine Tuberculosis Worldwide: Hosts, Pathology, Surveillance, and Control

A review of bovine tuberculosis at the wildlife–livestock–human interface in sub-Saharan Africa

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