BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:We have previously demonstrated an antiobesity effect of dietary Ca; this is largely mediated by Ca suppression of calcitriol levels, resulting in reduced adipocyte intracellular Ca 2 þ and, consequently, a coordinated increase in lipid utilization and decrease in lipogenesis. Notably, dairy Ca is markedly more effective than other Ca sources. DESIGN: Obese subjects were placed on balanced deficit (À500 kcal/day) diets and randomized to control (400-500 mg Ca/ day; n ¼ 16) or yogurt (1100 mg Ca/day; n ¼ 18) treatments for 12 weeks. Dietary macronutrients and fiber were held constant at the US average. MEASUREMENTS: Body weight, body fat and fat distribution (by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), blood pressure and circulating lipids were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention. RESULTS: Fat loss was markedly increased on the yogurt diet (À4.4370.47 vs À2.7570.73 kg in yogurt and control groups; Po0.005) while lean tissue loss was reduced by 31% on the yogurt diet. Trunk fat loss was augmented by 81% on the yogurt vs control diet (Po0.001), and this was reflected in a markedly greater reduction in waist circumference (À3.9970.48 vs À0.5871.04 cm, Po0.001). Further, the fraction of fat lost from the trunk was higher on the yogurt diet vs control (Po0.005). CONCLUSION: Isocaloric substitution of yogurt for other foods significantly augments fat loss and reduces central adiposity during energy restriction.

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