ABSTRACT:In photogrammetry a camera is considered calibrated if its interior orientation parameters are known. These encompass the principal distance, the principal point position and some Additional Parameters used to model possible systematic errors. The current state of the art for automated camera calibration relies on the use of coded targets to accurately determine the image correspondences. This paper presents a new methodology for the efficient and rigorous photogrammetric calibration of digital cameras which does not require any longer the use of targets. A set of images depicting a scene with a good texture are sufficient for the extraction of natural corresponding image points. These are automatically matched with feature-based approaches and robust estimation techniques. The successive photogrammetric bundle adjustment retrieves the unknown camera parameters and their theoretical accuracies. Examples, considerations and comparisons with real data and different case studies are illustrated to show the potentialities of the proposed methodology.

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ABSTRACT:Throughout history the link between geometry and architecture has been strong and while architects have used mathematics to construct their buildings, geometry has always been the essential tool allowing them to choose spatial shapes which are aesthetically appropriate. Sometimes it is geometry which drives architectural choices, but at other times it is architectural innovation which facilitates the emergence of new ideas in geometry. Among the best known types of geometry (Euclidean, projective, analytical, Topology, descriptive, fractal,…) those most frequently employed in architectural design are:The non-Euclidean geometries. Entire architectural periods are linked to specific types of geometry. Euclidean geometry, for example, was the basis for architectural styles from Antiquity through to the Romanesque period. Perspective and Projective geometry, for their part, were important from the Gothic period through the Renaissance and into the Baroque and Neo-classical eras, while non-Euclidean geometries characterize modern architecture.

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grants. To IUGG, IAG, ESA, PSN (Italian Space Plan), CISET Co., Salmoiraghi Co., Wild Co., Zeiss Co., go our gratitude and our thanks. iV Moreover, sincere thanks are due to the Municipality of Assisi, to the "Azienda di Promozione Turistica" of Assisi, Todi, and Orvieto, who provided on different occasions, support in the organization of excursions and specially the beautiful concert of Medioeval music and songs.Last but not least I want to add personal thanks to my friend Reiner Rummel, who did so much for the scientific program of the School; it was a pleasure for me to work with him and I hope it will last for long.

The book contains the proceedings of both events and is made up of 27 papers, presented in 1 O technical sessions of the workshop, on different fields of application, and 4 more papers given by invited speakers at the one-day tutorial.The papers reported in the book and presented at the workshop can be ideally collected in five main chapters. In the first one, that can be defined "guidance and navigation ", some experiences on data acquisition with low cost DGPS for road survey and an overview on Vehicle Navigation Systems (VNS) are shown. An original method for a mobile robot to explore an unknown environment is also reported.The second chapter on "GIS data acquisition and evaluation" collects a sort of papers treating robust statistica/ techniques applied to preprocessing, analysis and te sting for dif.ferent kinds of GIS data.Within the topic on "image acquisition and preprocessing" in particular some experiences on test and calibration of different scanners for GIS data acquisition are reported as well as some original approaches to the automatic DTM generation for cartographic and close range applications.Finally some applications to the environmental monitoring and to the use of different kinds of geodetic data in multipurpose regional GIS, together with some examples of the applicability of multimedia technology to architecture and civil engineering are shown. The most important aspects emerging from the workshop are perhaps the following: data acquisition and update need to be automated to the highest level, not only for object geometry reconstruction (which is anyway not trivial in many applications to architecture) but also for abject classification;data quality and data currency evaluation is also crucial if the GIS is to provide meaningful information: te sting strateg ies have been presented for geometric data, but something equivalent is needed also for thematic data; multimedia integration is at present rather limited, being applied mainly to help users getting into the system or in applications like describing historical buildings, where a combination of sound and images becomes very effective. Futhermore the book contains the 4 presentations given at the one-day tutorial. The gaal was to highlight the current status on the conceptual aspects in designing GIS. In particular the problems of mode ling and organizing data in structures, the processing techniques of GIS data for queries to the system and the so called Dynamic GIS have been reported in detail. In addition a lecture on Computer Graphics principles is enclosed, intended to grasp an impression of what's behind the graphics tools which are of great relevance, at least from the user interface side, also to GIS. F. Crosilla G. Forlani WELCOME ADDRESS It is always my pleasure to visit Italy and particularly to welcome attendees to an ISPRS sponsored event, I am very glad to have this opportunity to participate on behalf of the ISPRS Council in this ISPRS Commission I, Working group III/4 Tutorial on "Multimedia GIS Data." This is a very timel...

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