The present communication gives the results of an investigation of the phenolic compounds isolated from the epigeal part of Artemisia xerophytica Krash. growing in the Mongolian Peoples' Republic. The plants were collected by the resource-prospecting division of the Combined Soviet-Mongolian Comprehensive Biological Expedition in the South Gobi aimak in August, 1974, during the budding period. The dry ground epigeal mass was extracted with 96% ethanol. After the ethanol had been distilled off, the viscous extract was treated with hot water and the aqueous solution was extracted successively with chloroform and ethyl acetate. The chloroform fraction of the extract was separated by chromatography on a column of silica gel. On elution with chloroform and chloroform-ethanol (9:1), substances (I) with mp 206-208°C and (II) with mp 254-255°C were isolated. On the basis of the results of an analysis of UV, IR, and NMR spectra and a comparison of them with literature information [i, 2], compound (I) was identified as pectolinarigenin and (II) as cirsimaritin. When the ethyl acetate fraction of the extract was separated on a column of polyamide, substances (II), (IV), and (V) were isolated. On the basis of physical and chemical characteristics, substance (III) with mp 226-228°C was identified as 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',6-dimethoxyflavone, which we have isolated previously from A. frigida [6]. Substance (IV) was identified as luteolin, and (V) as cynaroside. By paper chromatography and chromatography on Silufol plates, tricin and esculetin were identified by comparison with authentic samples. This is the first time that any of the compounds mentioned have been found in Artemisia xerophytica.
Information on the diversity of the composition of terpenoids, phenolic compounds (phenylpropanoids, lignans, flavonoids) and other groups of secondary metabolites of Crataegus pinnatifida, published in the world literature over the past decades, is presented. Structural formulas are also indicated for new components isolated from C. pinnatifida. Among the new terpenoids of the leaves, fruits, and seeds of C. pinnatifida, mono- and sesquiterpenic glycosides (shanyesides, pinnatifidanosides, etc.), as well as triterpenic acids of the oleanan series, predominate. Among the phenolic compounds in the leaves and seeds, new biphenyl glycosides (shanyenosides), derivatives of cinnamaldehyde (crataegusoids), crataegusanoids and other phenylpropanoids were found. The most diverse in various parts of C. pinnatifida, especially in the seeds, are lignans of various types of structure, in particular sesquilignan glycosides, as well as new lignans (pinnatifidanins, pinnatifidaninsides, neolignans of the dibenzofuran series and other substances). In addition to these groups, new flavonoids, flavanocoumarins, and naphthoquinones were found in leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds. The results of pharmacological studies showing the presence of cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypocholesterolemic, thrombolytic, neuroprotective, antibacterial and other types of biological activity found in extracts, their fractions, as well as individual compounds of various organs and parts of C. pinnatifida are presented.
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