Abstract.A new approach is developed to derive dynamic information near the peak of the ionospheric F-layer from ionosonde measurements. This approach avoids deducing equivalent winds from the displacement of the observed peak height from a no-wind equilibrium height, so it need not determine the no-wind equilibrium height which may limit the accuracy of the deduced winds, as did the traditional servo theory. This approach is preliminarily validated with comparisons of deduced equivalent winds with the measurements from the Fabry-Perot interferometer, the Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar and with previous works.Examples of vertical components of equivalent winds (VEWs), over Wuhan (114.4 • E, 30.6 • N, 45.2 • dip), China in December 2000 are derived from Wuhan DGS-256 Digisonde data. The deduced VEWs show large day-to-day variations during the winter, even in low magnetic activity conditions. The diurnal pattern of average VEWs is more complicated than that predicted by the empirical Horizontal Wind Model (HWM). Using an empirical electric field model based on the observations from Jicamarca radar and satellites, we investigate the contributions to VEWs from neutral winds and from electric fields at the F-layer peak. If the electric field model is reasonable for Wuhan during this period, the neutral winds contribute mostly to the VEWs, and the contribution from the E × B drifts is insignificant.
Using the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog, we found seven EW-type eclipsing binaries within the tidal radius of the intermediate-aged open cluster NGC 6819 (about 40′). These seven EW eclipsing binaries are all confirmed to be contact binaries by light curve analysis with the 2015 version Wilson–Devinney program. Using the parameter characteristics of contact binaries, we found that only KIC 4937217 could be a member of NGC 6819. Moreover, KIC 5199489 should be a shallow, unity-mass-ratio contact binary implying an early contact stage or a mass-ratio reverse stage. Nevertheless, KIC 5198934 and KIC 5374883 should be deep, low mass ratio contact binaries (DLMRCBs), which are usually considered as premergers.
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