The influence of type of dietary fat in low fat diets fed to adolescent boys on fatty acid patterns of selected blood serum lipid fractions was investigated in 2 studies. In pre-study investigations over a 2-yr period, fat intakes of subjects were studied while subjects consumed self-selected diets. Calculations were based on 3day dietary diaries at monthly intervals kept by the subjects. Mean energy intake from fat was estimated to be 38% and mean intake of linoleic fatty acid was estimated to be 8.4g per day. Study 1: During the first 5 days of the 23day study, all subjects received diets containing a 45/55% blend of safflower oil and beef tallow to provide 20% of the total calorie intake.
The ability of soybean oil lipid emulsions to affect essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and plasma fatty acid distribution was studied in neonatal pigs. The test animals were maintained on a fat-free diet prior to administration of lipid emulsion. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) membrane levels of essential [linoleic (C-18:2 omega 6) and arachidonic (C-20:4 omega 6)] and nonessential [palmitic (C-16, palmitoleic (C-16:1 omega 7), stearic (C-18), and oleic (C-18:1 omega 9)] fatty acids and the triene:tetraene ratio [5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (C-20:3 omega 9):arachidonic acid (C-20:4 omega 6)] were monitored to ascertain the establishment of EFAD and its correction. Nonessential fatty acids were studied, as these components of lipid therapy have received little attention. Results indicate that soybean oil emulsions are effective in reversing fatty acid profiles found in EFAD, and both essential and nonessential fatty acids are under strict metabolic control.
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