A natural hybrid of Vipera ammodytes × Vipera berus was
presented having low body weight, seizures and generalized swelling of the cephalic
region. Based on the history of the case and clinical examination, hemorrhagic stomatitis
of traumatic origin was diagnosed. The snake was kept in a terrarium with wood chips as a
substrate, and the material had induced trauma in the oral mucosa which was further
complicated with Salmonella Arizonae and Morganella
morganii co-infection, abscessation and osteomyelitis. To the best of the
authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of bacterial infection in European
snake hybrids and one of a few case reports in European snakes. Although wood chips are an
inexpensive substrate, based on our findings, they should be avoided when keeping and
breeding European vipers.
One of the important aspects of species' survival is connected with global climate changes, which also conditions the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Poikilotherms are exposed, as other species, to climatic influence, especially due to their physiological peculiarities such as important stages of their life cycle: hibernation, shedding, and active phase. The immune system serves as an accurate indicator of the health status and stress levels in these species. This study aimed to monitor the changes of innate (leukocyte subpopulations and total immune globulins) and adaptive immunity (in vitro leukocyte blast transformation) of two viper species, V. berus berus and V. ammodytes ammodytes, endemic in Europe and spread in different regions of Romania during their three major life cycles, hibernation, shedding, and active phase. The results indicated that seasonal variance and cycle rather than species and regional distribution influence the functionality of the immune system.
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) has been demonstrated to be the causal agent for postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) and porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS). This report describes the first detection of PCV2 and associated diseases in a Romanian swine herd located in Transylvania. The clinical signs, pathological and histopathological changes observed in affected pigs were similar to those previously described for PDNS and PMWS. Polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridisation were used for the detection of PCV2 nucleic acids from tissues and serum samples. Complete PCV2 genomes of both PMWS and PDNS cases were sequenced and analysed, and by comparing them with each other no genomic differences could be detected. The sequence analysis showed that the Romanian PCV2 was closely related to PCV2 identified in France and in Hungary.
SummaryEdwardsiella tarda is an opportunistic pathogen associated with aquatic environments. It has been identified as part of the normal flora of the digestive tract of healthy crocodiles, alligators, turtles, lizards and snakes. However, data on its association with different clinical diseases in reptiles, especially in snakes, is scarce. A female grass snake (Natrix natrix) was presented with low body condition and with multiple subcutaneous nodules. After surgical cleaning of a nodule, E. tarda was cultivated in pure culture from the abscesses. To the author's best knowledge, this is the first reported clinical case linked to E. tarda in snakes and one of the first case reports in grass snake.
Keywords: Subcutaneous abscesses, Captivity, Edwardsiella tarda, Natrix natrixBir Küpeli Yılanda (Natrix natrix, Squamata: Colubridae)
Edwardsiella tarda İle Birlikte Seyreden Subkutan Apse Olgusu
ÖzetEdwardsiella tarda sulak çevrelerle ilgili oportunist bir patojendir. Sağlıklı timsahlar, kaplumbağalar, kertenkeleler ve yılanların sindirim sisteminin normal florasının bir parçasıdır. Ancak, sürüngenlerde, özellikle yılanlarda, farklı klinik hastalıklarla olan ilişkilerine yönelik veriler sınırlıdır. Bir dişi çayır yılanı (Natrix natrix) düşük vücut kondüsyon ve çok sayıda subkutan nodüllerle birlikte sunuldu. Nodülün birinin cerrahi temizliğini takiben, apselerden E. tarda'nın saf kültürü izole edildi. Yazarın bildiğine göre, bu ilk defa rapor edilen yılanlarda E. tarda ile ilgili klinik olgudur ve çayır yılanında ilk raporlardan biridir.
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