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Mobile communication networks are usually planned to provide some minimum service quality level during peak traffic hours. Consequently, in off-peak hours, when traffic loads are lower, the network is characterised by over-capacity, in the sense that same service quality targets can typically be satisfied with a reduced set of network resources, e.g. sites, carriers, etc. In this paper, we propose a procedure for deriving the potential of energy-oriented network optimisation, and apply this procedure to the case of a UMTS/HSDPA network. Depending on the desired performance target and the energy consumption model, energy savings from energy-oriented network optimisation of up to about 40% are shown to be attainable. I. INTRODUCTIONSince recent years, most leading mobile network operators and vendours recognize their responsibility in reducing the CO 2 footprint and energy consumption associated with wireless networking. The pursued strategies generally concentrate on three distinct areas, viz. migrate to the use of renewable energy sources, deployment of energy efficient network equipment and operations, and the development of various products and services for a range of industry sectors that enable energy-efficient activities and carbon reductions.Most mobile network operators have some form of strategy and defined objectives for contributing to the global need for reducing CO2 emissions. For example, China Mobile has recently signed an agreement to reduce its energy consumption by 20% by the end of December 2012 to save a total of 11.8 billion kWh of electricity over a three-year period [1]. Vodafone states that about 80% of its energy consumption is used in its mobile networks. It has announced that by 2020 it will reduce its CO 2 emissions by 50% against its 2006/7, primarily by improvements in energy efficiency and increased use of renewable energy [2] [3]. Verizon Wireless is also very active in taking 'green initiatives' for cutting back on its energy costs and reducing its own carbon footprint [4]. Mother company Verizon has developed its own energyconsumption standards, intended 'to foster the creation of more energy efficient telecommunications equipment by Verizon's supplier community thereby reducing the energy requirements in Verizon networks ' [5][6] [7].As more than 70% of the power consumption in the wireless access network is due to the power consumption in the wireless sites [8] the equipment vendors [8][9] aim at developing more power efficient base stations. Ericsson reports that their new WCDMA sites have 35% power

The electricity production and distribution is facing two major changes. First, the production is shifting from classical energy sources such as coal and nuclear power towards renewable resources such as solar and wind. Secondly, the consumption in the low voltage grid is expected to grow significantly due to expected introduction of electrical vehicles. The first step towards more efficient operational capabilities is to introduce an observability of the distribution system and allow for leveraging the flexibility of end connection points with manageable consumption, generation and storage capabilities. Thanks to the advanced measurement devices, management framework, and secure communication infrastructure developed in the FP7 SUNSEED project, the Distribution System Operator (DSO) now has full observability of the energy flows at the medium/low voltage grid. Furthermore, the prosumers are able to participate pro-actively and coordinate with the DSO and other stakeholders in the grid. The monitoring and management functionalities have strong requirements to the communication latency, reliability and security. This paper presents novel solutions and analyses of these aspects for the SUNSEED scenario, where the smart grid ICT solutions are provided through shared cellular LTE networks.