A retrospective analysis of the modernization technology of production of primary aluminium in the Irkutsk aluminium smelter in the 55-year period of activity (1962–2017) and its implications for carcinogenic risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and their indicator benzo(a)pyrene in the environments of the city of Shelekhov. Brief ecological and technological characteristics of the production, including the introduction of more advanced technology of baked anodes and "EcoSoderberg". The dynamics of the content of Benz(a)pyrene and its analogues in the air of the working area, the atmospheric air of the urban environment and the associated underlying surface of snow, soil and vegetation are estimated. The tendency of reduction of air pollution in comparison with depositing objects is revealed.
In the article, we presented the results of experiments in the stratified burning of solid fuels in “low” power boiler houses and household furnaces. We also studied the dynamics in which the products of incomplete combustion of coal and wood, i.e. carbon monoxide, soot, benzo(a)pyrene and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are emitted. The paper shows the non-stationarity of the combustion process taking into account the proposed method for calculating emissions of hazardous substances. The article also determines their specific emissions during the combustion of coal and firewood in the Eastern Siberia region. The paper contains the characteristics of “low” power heat sources and the assessment of their incomplete combustion products for the atmosphere of the Irkutsk region cities. It also proposes measures to reduce emissions of hazardous substances into the environment.
In the paper, the authors compared the dynamics of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene content in the atmospheric air of the Irkutsk Region cities and the cancer morbidity of the population. Further, the authors estimated benzo(a)pyrene emissions from “low” power heat sources (boiler houses and household furnaces). Dependences of the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere of cities on its gross emissions by “small” heat sources, on the area of forest fires are found. The study showed their impact, as well as the impact of motor transport and forest fires on the state of the atmosphere of industrial and agricultural cities of the region. The authors drew a conclusion about the contribution of man-made and natural sources to the atmospheric pollution with benzo(a)pyrene, and about the need to define it and develop measures to reduce emissions.
Abstract. The paper deals with the results of investigation into the contents and distribution of cancer-causing benzo(a)pyrene in the leaves of the trees that are common in the urban environment of Irkutsk. The degree of plant pollution is determined depending on the landscape and traffic exposure, on the mode of the plant material being prepared and on its type. The methodology for landscape geochemical biomonitoring is offered to be used at the stages of sample sorting and preparation and in the statistical treatment of the analysis results obtained. The possibility to use tree leaves as biotest materials for the urban atmosphere state control is considered in the paper.
Sunzmary:The kinetics of oxidation of carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (0.1 nM solution in phosphate buffer) catalyzed by enzyme protein of soil and water plants (potato tubers and alga Nitetla sp.) has been studied. The benzo(a)pyrene oxidation rate is determined by the phenoloxidase activity of the enzyme protein from both sources to a n equal degree and expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation. The values for kcat and apparent Km were (0.97k0.14) Ms-1 and 33+GyM,
respectively.The presence of other compounds (including protein substances) in acetone preparations of potato tubers considerably suppresses its catalytic activity in relation to benzo(a)pyrene.Consequently, in the polluted biosphere some water plants. such as alga Nitella sp., and potato tuber can transform carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BP).As oxidation products, all three BP-quinoncs, i.e. 1,6-, 3,6and 6,12-diones, were identified.
We studied increase in cancer incidence in the population and the dynamics of the carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene content in the atmospheric air of cities in the Irkutsk Region. Sources of air pollution boilers and household furnaces, aluminum production, motor vehicles, forest fires were considered. Individual and population carcinogenic risks of benzo(a)pyrene for the health of the population in industrial, agricultural and South Baikal cities were assessed. We also could establish the tendency of increasing risks and the dependence of the incidence of malignant neoplasms in the population on the content of benzo(a)pyrene in the atmosphere. The conclusion was made about the need to assess pollution sources, about the development of a monitoring system for benzo(a)pyrene and its analogs - polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons - in the environment.
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