Background: A Paleolithic diet has been suggested to be more in concordance with human evolutionary legacy than a cereal based diet. This might explain the lower incidence among hunter-gatherers of diseases of affluence such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to experimentally study the long-term effect of a Paleolithic diet on risk factors for these diseases in domestic pigs. We examined glucose tolerance, post-challenge insulin response, plasma C-reactive protein and blood pressure after 15 months on Paleolithic diet in comparison with a cereal based swine feed.
Summary
In a multi‐parity sow experiment the effect of very restricted late pregnancy feeding on the incidence of agalactia was studied. A daily allowance of 1.0 kg was compared with 3.4 kg per day of a conventional cereal based sow diet. All sows were allowed free access to straw. The occurrence of agalactia was significantly lower and the rectal temperatures on the day of farrowing and the following two days were significantly decreased by the very restricted feeding regime during late pregnancy. A number of significant partial correlations between rectal temperatures and within litter standard deviations for weights, mortality and number of still‐born piglets per litter were calculated. These correlations were significant even when agalactic sows (i. e. sows with rectal temperatures > 39.5 °C) were omitted from analysis, indicating a detrimental effect of subclinical agalactia on production performance.
Zusammenfassung
Der Einfluß der Fütterungsintensität während der späten Trächtigkeit auf das Vorkommen der Agalaktie bei der Sau nach der Geburt
In einem Experiment mit Muttersauen, die mehrfach abferkelten, wurde der Einfluß einer ausgeprägten restriktiven Fütterung während der späten Trächtigkeit auf das Vorkommen der Agalaktie untersucht. Dabei wurde die Verabreichung von 1 kg mit der Verabreichung von 3,4 kg einer üblichen Sauen‐Ration auf Getreidebasis pro Tag verglichen. Alle Sauen hatten freien Zugang zu Stroh. Die restriktive Fütterung hatte ein signifikant weniger häufiges Auftreten der Agalaktie sowie am Tag des Abferkeins sowie die beiden folgenden Tage eine signifikant niedrigere Körpertemperatur zur Folge. Zwischen der Körpertemperatur und der Standardabweichung eines Wurfes für das
Körpergewicht sowie die Mortalität und die Anzahl der totgeborenen Ferkel per Wurf wurden signifikante partielle Korrelationen errechnet. Diese Korrelationen waren sogar signifikant, wenn die agalaktischen Sauen (Sauen mit einer Körpertemperatur > 39.5 °C) bei der Auswertung nicht berücksichtigt wurden. Dies deutet auf einen negativen Einfluß der subklinischen Agalaktie auf die Entwicklung der Ferkel hin.
Summary
Antisecretory factor (ASF) is a regulatory peptide which counteracts diarrhoea in the pig; ASF is rapidly absorbed from the pig intestine, and significantly reduces the incidence of neonatal diarrhoea in the suckling offspring. ASF is synthesized in the central nervous system, and released to the blood stream via the pituitary gland.
In two different experiments (n = 8 and n = 4), the blood concentration of ASF was followed in 5‐weeks old piglets from day 7 before weaning up to day 12 days after weaning. In both experiments ASF concentrations were significantly (p < 0.01) lower on day three post‐weaning, than either before weaning or on days 7 and 12 post‐weaning.
In another experiment, where plasma ASF activity was determined in relation to clinical signs of diarrhoea seven days post‐weaning, it was found to be 0.87 ± 0.08 units/ml (mean ± SEM) in healthy weaners (n = 15), but only 0.22 ± 0.05 units/ml in piglets suffering from diarrhoea (n = 15), the difference being significant.
The faecal flora both of healthy weaners and of their matched controls suffering from diarrhoea were subjected to bacteriological examination before and after weaning, and found to be similar in both groups, namely a mixture of aerobic and anaerobic Gram negative rods, Campylobacter jejuni, Staphylococcus aureus / epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis. No particular pathogen was predominant in any of the diseased animals.
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