This exploratory study has two objectives. First, it tests the hypothesis that the Malays and the Chinese share similar work-related values. Second, it examines whether Hofstede's Malaysian work-related values are replicated. Results for the first hypothesis suggest that there is no significant difference between the Malays and the Chinese in work-related values. However, results could only offer partial support for the second hypothesis. The evidence appears to suggest that power distance in Malaysia is still high, and masculinity is still moderate. At the same time, the evidence suggests that the levels of uncertainty avoidance and individualism in Malaysia have increased over the past decades. These results are discussed with respect to organizational behavior in Malaysia.

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A silver film-based superlens, a plasmonic microzone plate, is put forth for the purpose of superfocusing at visible regime. The numerical analysis results reveal that it has unique focusing characteristics of longer focal length and depth of focus with resolving power beyond diffraction limit in comparison to the conventional zone plates. Working at near field, it increases working distance l at near field from l<λ∕10 to l≈λ∼5λ. This feature makes it a promising superlens to be used as a probe for the optical systems with high resolution imaging and detection as well as feedback control system immune for autofocusing.

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Localized Ga implantation by means of a focused ion beam and subsequent deep reactive ion etching is used to fabricate microstructures or nanostructures in Si. It is found that the area irradiated with the focused ion beam acts as an etch stop in reactive ion etching. The etch rate ratio between the unimplanted and Ga-implanted area increases to 2.56 with an increasing Ga ion dose up to 1.59 × 10 16 ions cm −2 . However, the etch rate ratio decreases with further increase in ion dose and the surface of the etched Si microstructures is concave due to the effect of ion sputtering during focused ion irradiation. This technique is promising for the fabrication of 3D nanostructures in Si.