This article dicusses the gender struggle of Shauzia in Mud City by Ellis. The struggle implies the gender condition and critical point of view of the author based on the theory of representation and gender oppression. The representation theory based on Stuart Hall helps to uncover the dominating cultural codes which oppress Shauzia as a person while the gender theory contributes to analyze the layer of dominationin the level of individual, interactional and institutional. This study results in several findings as:the cultural codes represented in the novel are giving benefit the man by the power of military and powerful patriarchy where Shauzia finds hard to go out from camp and work as woman. Furthermore, gender theory plays on scrutinizing the idea as individual woman lacks of rights, and influence her interactional competence as well to stay inside the compound. The institutional system determines her exixtence only to accept what the compound has given to her and not more. Thus she is rejected when she wants to go to France. Ellis poses her self to tell the reader that the value of women in Afganistan at war is unworthy compare to what happens in Europe.

Henry David Thoreau merupakan pemikir politik dan lingkungan Amerika yang menggaungkan cara bepikir transendentalisme dalam perjuangannya. Transendentalisme berupaya menghilangkan relasi subjek-objek dalam praktik sosial yang secara tidak langsung tengah mengkoptasi pemikiran Amerika kala itu sehingga melahirkan peperangan, perbudakan dan juga perusakan alam. Tulisan ini lalu ingin memulihkan corak pemikiran transendentalis Asia khususnya Baghavad Gita yang samar samar juga turut membantu membentuk tradisi Amerika. Pemikiran revolusioner demi menolak penindasan justru terlahir melalui gaya transendentalis yang secara metodis menghilangkan relasi subjek dan objek yang tengah populer kala itu. Hilangnya relasi subjek objek secara metodis menghadirkan perspektif bahwa manusia bukanlah subjek untuk memanipulasi alam sebagai objek, menghilangkan hirarki sosial seperti perbudakan karena manusia lain tidak boleh direndahkan karena dianggap objek, dan pemerintahan tidak boleh membungkam warga negara minoritas yang tidak masuk dalam hitungan mayoritas. Meminjam tradisi Foucauldian, tulisan ini secara metodologi pun hendak melacak pemikiran Thoreau yang masih memiliki nuansa Asia. Pelacakan jejak Asia di dalam tradisi pemikiran Thoreau ingin memberikan alternatif bahwa peperangan, perbudakan dan penaklukan adalah pengkhianatan pada cita-cita pembebasan.     Henry David Thoreau is an American political and environmental thinker who echoed the transcendentalist way of thinking in his struggle. Transcendentalism seeks to eliminate subject-object relations in social practices that indirectly co-opted American thinking at the time, resulting in wars, slavery and the destruction of nature. His revolutionary thinking about transcendentalism was actually born through his consumption of eastern discourse, especially Hindhuism with its Bagavad Geeta. The disappearance of subject-object relations presents the perspective that humans are not subjects to manipulate nature as an object, eliminate social hierarchies such as slavery because other humans should not be humiliated because they are considered objects, and the government should not silence minority citizens who are not included in the majority count. This paper methodologically retraces all the Asian thought that anchors Thoreau's thought archaeologically, which seems to have been marginalised in the western tradition. The tracing of Asian views in the tradition of Thoreau's thought wants to provide an alternative that war, slavery and conquest are a betrayal of the ideals of freedom.

This research analyzes the romance formula presented in Love, Rosie by discussing the standard convention of the novel. The romance formula analysis tends to prove what is the sociocultural background in 20th century of Ireland society which becomes the cultural background of the novel. We discuss the issues among popular culture and also finding out the dominant components of the story which builds the story into a romance story. The discussion is employed the Cawelti’s concept and supported by Radway’s theory of romance. This study discusses Romance formula in Love Rosie is presented by the two dominant elements, those are the romance plot formula and the characters. The inventions of the romance formula in Love Rosie is found in the writing style of the novel. The novel is written in the form of instant messages and letters that are sent between the hero and heroine. The results of this study indicate that Love, Rosie has two dominant elements that built the story into a romance story. The first element is the story plot and the second is the main characters of the story whom develops the love relationship in the story, which are the hero and the heroine. The story plot of Love, Rosie can be classified into four stages, those are the first meeting of Alex and Rosie, Alex and Rosie fall in love to each other, Obstacles which contain the internal and external conflicts of the hero and heroine, and the ending of the story.

Female subjects’ oppressions are a significant aspect of the novel entitled A Game of Thrones, published in 1996 by George R. R. Martin. This article aims to discover the discourse of female subjects’ oppressions and the critical position of the author. The theory of representation by Stuart Hall and the discursive approach by Michel Foucault are used in this research. The contextual background and the narrations in the novel are collaborated in the analysis process to find the discourse of female subjects’ oppressions and the critical position of the author. This research proves that this novel represents the oppression of female subjects in the form of marginalization, powerlessness, violence, and exploitation. Through the narration in the novel and some interviews, Martin, as the author, resists women's oppression.

Kemiskinan dan estetika sebagai dua konsep kontras disatukan sastra dalam artikel ini melalui pembahasan konstruksi kemiskinan sebagai strategi estetis dalam dua dongeng; Hansel and Gretel dan Tom Thumb. Konsep kemiskinan sebagai 'kekurangan' disajikan sebagai strategi untuk mendapatkan perhatian pembaca, konsensus nilai, moral, dan ideologi dalam narasi dua dongeng dipetakan dalam artikel ini untuk mengungkapkan konsekuensi narasi pada lingkungan sosial. Melalui teori representasi Stuart Hall, konstruksi pengetahuan tentang kemiskinan dilacak dalam teks menggunakan pendekatan konstruksionis. Kami memilih model diskursif dalam analisis diskursif Foucauldian untuk menghubungkan data intrinsik novel dengan konteks sosial sehingga silsilah rezim kebenaran terlacak. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan upaya oligarki melanggengkan avant garde; sebagai penguasa yang tepat atas orang miskin. Diksi yang dipilih dalam teks-teks mengarah pada kesimpulan bahwa kemiskinan identik dengan kejahatan: kondisi alam melegitimasi kekerasan oleh mereka yang miskin. Kedua dongeng tersebut menjadi alat untuk menyebarkan ideologi borjuis melalui naturalisasi narasi.