Three new varieties of Passiflora hybrids were developed from crosses between P. sublanceolata J. M. MacDougal (ex P. palmeri var. sublanceolata Killip) versus P. foetida var. foetida L. Twenty putative hybrids were analyzed. Hybridizations were confirmed by RAPD and SSR markers. The RAPD primer UBC11 (5 0 -CCGGCCTTAC-3 0 ) generated informative bands. The SSR primer A08FP1 amplified species-specific fragments and heterozygote status was observed with the two parent bands 240 and 280 bp. The molecular markers generated by primers were analyzed in terms of the presence or absence of specific informative bands. The morphological characterization of the hybrids enabled their differentiation into three groups, identified as: (1) Passiflora 'Alva', composed of five hybrid plants with white flowers, large corona, light purple filaments at base, white and purple/white banding to apex; (2) P. 'Aninha', composed of six hybrid plants with pale pink flowers, corona filaments reddish/purple at base, white, purple/ white banding to apex; (3) P. 'Priscilla', composed of nine hybrid plants with white flowers, small corona, filaments dark purple at base, white and purple to apex. The genomic homology of parent plants was verified by cytogenetic analysis. Both parents were 2n = 22. Meiosis was regular in genitors and hybrids. Aneuploidy was observed at hybrid groups P. 'Alva' and P. 'Priscilla' (2n = 20). Other authors had already observed the same number of chromosomes for some P. foetida genotypes. Obtaining valuable interspecific hybrids opens up new perspectives to offer opportunities in agribusiness for producers and to arouse the interest of consumers into using passion flowers in the Brazilian ornamental plant market.

Parâmetros genéticos e diversidade em progênies de Macaúba com base em características morfológicas e fisiológicas.Ciência Rural, v.45, n.9, set, 2015. 1599Parâmetros genéticos e diversidade em progênies de Macaúba com base em características morfológicas e fisiológicas

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BackgroundThe macauba has been identified as the most promising native species for the production of vegetable oil and biomass. Several studies confirm its potential for numerous purposes (liquid and solid biofuels, food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals), but this Brazilian biodiversity resource has been little explored, and work aimed at their domestication and genetic improvement are relatively recent. This study consisted of a multivariate approach to levels of trans fatty acids, oil yield and physical characteristics found in fruits of macauba of natural populations. The objective was to quantify the genetic variability among 35 genotypes of natural populations of macauba from 16 locations in different regions of Brazil. Euclidean Distance measurements were estimated and the cluster analysis obtained by the UPGMA method considering separately the fatty acid profile, and traits related to physical part and the fruits oil content.ResultsIt was observed the formation of seven groups for the profile of fatty acids and five groups for physical characteristics and oil yield. Large variations were observed for different types of mesocarp (pulp) fatty acids and kernel. Oleic acid (18: 1) in mesocarp was the largest contribution to the total divergence. The results indicate variations to the physical characteristics and oil yield, especially the oil percentage in mesocarp and weight of the whole fruit which contributed 64.58 % of the divergence between genotypes.ConclusionsThe study identified genotypes potential to generate variability and obtaining selection gains, directing plant breeding programs according with demands of oils market.

Genetic progress depends on germplasm quality and breeding methods. Twelve maize populations and their crosses were evaluated to estimate combining ability and potential to be included as source populations in breeding programs. Plant height, point of insertion of the first ear, number of ears per plant, number of grains per ear, root and stalk lodging and grain yield were studied in two locations in Brazil, during the 1997/98 season. Genotype sum of squares was divided into general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining ability. Results indicated the existence of genetic divergence for all traits analyzed, where additive effects were predominant. The high heterosis levels observed, mainly in Xanxerê, suggested the environmental influence on the manifestation of this genetic phenomenon. Populations revealed potential to be used in breeding programs; however, those more intensively submitted to selection could provide larger genetic progress, showing the importance of population improvement for the increment of the heterosis in maize. Capacidade combinatória de doze populações de milho Resumo-O progresso genético depende da qualidade do germoplasma e dos métodos de melhora-mento empregados. Neste trabalho foram avaliadas doze populações de milho e seus cruzamentos para avaliar suas capacidades combinatórias e seu potencial de inclusão em programas de melhoramento de milho no sul do Brasil. A estatura de planta, ponto de inserção da primeira espiga, número de espigas por planta, número de grãos por espiga, acamamento, quebramento e rendimento de grãos foram ava-liados em dois locais, em 1997/98. A soma de quadrados de genótipos foi dividida em capacidade geral (CGC) e específica (CEC) de combinação. Os resultados indicaram a existência de variabilidade gené-tica em todas as características analisadas, em que os efeitos aditivos foram predominantes. Os altos níveis de heterose observados, principalmente em Xanxerê, sugerem forte influência ambiental na manifestação deste fenômeno genético. As populações revelaram potencial para serem utilizadas em programas de melhoramento; entretanto, aquelas que sofreram seleção prévia mais intensa poderiam proporcionar progresso genético maior, demonstrando, assim, a importância do melhoramento de po-pulações para o incremento da heterose em milho. Termos para indexação: Zea mays, germoplasma, heterose, variação genética.

ABSTRACT. We investigated seven distance measures and 14 similarity coefficients in a set of observations of variables of the 'yellow' passion fruit plant (Passiflora edulis Sims), submitted to multivariate analyses (distance, projection and grouping). Fourteen genotypes were characterized, based on DNA amplification with 16 random amplified polymorphic DNA primers and the assessment of nine fruit physical-chemical descriptors. The distance measurements and the similarity coefficients were compared by the Spearman correlation test, projection in two-dimensional space and grouping efficiency, using five grouping methods; the genotype ranking varied with the different techniques. Coler-Rodger distance measures, Euclidean distance square measures and Yule similarity coefficients proved to be inadequate for projection in two-dimensional space or for group- ing matrices. Regardless of the origin of the distance matrix, the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean grouping method proved to be the most adequate. The various distance measurements, similarity coefficients and grouping methods gave different values of distortion, cophenetic correlation and stress; they influence the characterization of genetic variability and this should be taken into account for studies of yellow passion fruit plants.

(4) e Léo Duc Haa Conceição (5) Resumo -A mancha-foliar de feosféria tem causado expressiva redução no rendimento de grãos de milho, no Brasil, principalmente, em decorrência da crescente amplitude da data de semeadura, conjugada com o uso de áreas irrigadas e de plantio direto. É importante o desenvolvimento de genótipos resistentes a essa moléstia; porém a realização de uma seleção eficiente depende do entendimento da variabilidade genética e da herança da resistência. Com o objetivo de determinar a capacidade combinatória e o modo de herança do caráter, foram cruzadas sete linhagens de milho, para a realização das análises dialélica e média de gerações. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no Município de Xanxerê, SC, sendo avaliada a porcentagem de tecido foliar afetado pela moléstia 30 dias após o florescimento. Os genótipos apresentaram amplitude de 4,3% a 67,0% de área foliar afetada pela moléstia, na qual a linhagem LA06 e seus híbridos demonstraram elevada resistência. Os resultados indicaram que a seleção de genótipos resistentes à feosféria pode ser realizada com sucesso em programas de melhoramento do milho, visto que a manifestação do caráter é controlada por, pelo menos, dois genes independentes e com uma efetiva participação de efeitos aditivos.Termos para indexação: Phaeosphaeria maydis, teste de progênie, variação genética, melhoramento vegetal. Inheritance of the resistance to phaeosphaeria leaf spot in maizeAbstract -Phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) has caused an expressive reduction in the corn grain yield in Brazil. The increment in sowing date amplitude, conjugated with the use of irrigated areas and zero tillage, had major contribution in the increase of phaeosphaeria leaf spot (PLS) incidence and severity. For this reason, it is important to develop resistant genotypes to this disease; however, an efficient selection depends upon the understanding of the genetic variability and inheritance of the resistance. Aiming to determine combining ability and the mode of inheritance for PLS, seven corn inbreds were crossed for diallel and generation mean analysis. The experiments were conducted in Xanxerê, SC. Percentage of foliar area affected by the disease was evaluated 30 days after flowering. The genotypes presented amplitude of 4.3% to 67.0% of foliar area affected by PLS. The LA06 and its hybrids showed high level of resistance. Results indicated that selection for PLS resistant genotypes could be successfully accomplished in corn breeding programs. At least two major independent genes were identified with a preponderant participation of addictive effects in the inheritance of the trait.

-(Hybridization among wild passionflower species). Passion fruits are appreciated for their ornamental value, since their flowers are showy and display a wide variety of colors. In addition, many hybrids have been produced and used in other countries. The genotypes used in selection of plants with ornamental characteristics are hybrid progenies which are used in various crossing strategies. Thus, the aim of this work was to obtain interspecific hybrids, perform backcrossing and obtain progenies from crossings between hybrids, and to determine the reproductive compatibility between the progenitors involved. Key words -interspecific crossing, ornamental plants, Passiflora, seed germination RESUMO -(Hibridação entre espécies silvestres de passifloras). As passifloras são apreciadas por seu valor ornamental, pois suas flores são vistosas e com enorme diversidade de cores, e muitos híbridos têm sido produzidos e utilizados em outros países. As fontes para seleção de plantas com características ornamentais são progênies híbridas utilizadas em variadas estratégias de cruzamentos. Assim, os objetivos do trabalho foram obter híbridos interespecíficos, realizar retrocruzamentos e obter progênies de cruzamentos entre híbridos e, desta forma, verificar a compatibilidade reprodutiva entre os genitores envolvidos. Foram registrados o percentual de flores fertilizadas e de germinação, além do número de frutos, de sementes e de plantas obtidos por cruzamento. Realizaram-se 374 hibridações envolvendo sete espécies e dois híbridos. Cruzamentos como Passiflora gibertii N. E. Palavras-chave -cruzamentos interespecíficos, germinação de sementes, Passiflora, plantas ornamentais