Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Helianthus tuberosus) are distinguished by their protein, minerals (potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, etc.) and inulin content. Inulin can be used in the diet of diabetics as a substitute of sugar, without having an impact on blood glucose. At the same time, an international study had shown that due to their inulin content, regular consumption of Jerusalem artichoke tubers can help to prevent type 2 diabetes. In this paper are presented the results of the researches performed to achieve a functional ingredient (powder) with high nutritional value by processing of Jerusalem artichoke tubers. Thus, the Jerusalem artichoke tubers (Red Jerusalem artichoke and White Jerusalem artichoke varieties) were subjected to a convective drying process at 50°C, to protect bioactive components (vitamins, phenolic compounds, etc.) to a moisture content that allow their milling and turning them into powder and, at the same time, their stability in terms of quality. The achieved functional ingredient was evaluated sensory, physicchemically and microbiologically. The powder obtained from Jerusalem artichoke tubers is characterized by their inulin-type fructans (51.60... 57.45%), crude fiber (6.85...8.27%), total polyphenols (18.51... 44.03 mg GAE/g), proteins (8.75...9.26%), iron (12.45...13.88 mg/100g), potassium (1905.44...2100.35 mg/100g), calcium (50.21...57.45mg/100g), magnesium (84.55...89.95mg/100g) and phosphorus content (300.12...345.35 mg/100g). At the same time, powder achieved from Jerusalem artichoke tubers has antioxidant potential. Due to its complex biochemical composition, the functional ingredient achieved from Jerusalem artichoke tubers can be used to fortify food and also as a sweetening agent for products destined to diabetics.
An analytical method was developed and validated for separation, detection and quantification of carotenoids (all-trans lutein, β-carotene and all-trans lycopene) in tomato waste powder by highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD). Extraction of carotenoids was achieved in acetone under nitrogen atmosphere and magnetic stirring. Carotenoids were separated on a reverse-phase C30, 3 μm column (250 ×4.6 mm) coupled to a 20 × 4.6 mm C30 guard column using mobile phases consisting of (A) methanol/ water (98:2, v/v), (B) methanol/water (95:5, v/v) and (C) methyl tert-butyl ether.The method has a good sensitivity (LOD = 0.161 -0.333 μg/mL and LOQ = 0.484 -1.000 μg/mL) and a good precision (RDS (r) = 0.67 -1.15% for injection repeatability; RSD (r) = 1.02 -2.14% for analysis repeatability intra-day; RSD (r) = 1.23 -2.43% for intermediate precision; RSD (R) = 1.57 -3.07 % for intra-laboratory reproducibility. The method was applied byanalyzing 8 tomato waste powders, obtained through tomatoes processing as juice. Their carotenoids content varied in the following ranges: 1. 474 -2.452 mg/100g for all-trans lutein; 9.645 -11.587 mg/100g for β-carotene; 60.150 -64.855 mg/100g for all-trans lycopene.
Fruits and vegetables present almost ideal conditions for the survival and development of many microorganisms. Berries are well known as fruits that have a very short shelf life after harvesting, mainly due to spoilage microorganisms, mostly fungi. Therefore, drying represents a usual technique used to preserve some of the nutritional and quality parameters of fresh berries, such as color, aroma, vitamin content, etc. In this study patulin concentration was determined for dried organic berries (bilberries and cranberries). Various pretreatment methods were used before drying. The results showed that patulin was not detected, regardless of the used drying or pretreatment process.
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