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Background and Objectives: Our study aims to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients affected by schizophrenia.Methods: Ten schizophrenic patients (mean age 39 +/-13 years, best corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/20, refractive error between +/-2 diopters, and intraocular pressure <18 mmHg) were enrolled. They were compared with 10 age-matched controls. In all subjects, optic nerve head (ONH) measurements, peripapillary RNFL thickness, macular thickness and volume were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT).Results: Schizophrenic patients showed an statistically significant reduction of the overall RNFL thickness (95+/-13 µm, range: 53-110) compared with those values observed in control eyes (103+/-8 µm, range: 88-119) (p = 0.047, Mann-Whitney U test). We also observed reduced peripapillary RNFL thickness in nasal quadrant in schizophrenic patients (75+/-17 µm, range: 41-111) when compared with controls (84+/-10 µm, range: 67-105) (p = 0.048, Mann-Whitney U test). The remaining peripapillary RNFL quadrants, macular thickness and volume did not reveal differences between both groups. No statisti-

Purpose Our study aims to assess peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular thickness and volume, and optic nerve head (ONH) measurements in patients affected by schizophrenia Methods 30 schizophrenic patients (mean age 44.5 +/‐ 10.9 years) were enrolled. They were compared with 30 age‐matched controls. In all subjects, peripapillary RNFL thickness, ONH measurements, macular thickness and volume were measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The eye studied was the right eye Results Schizophrenic patients showed an statistically significant reduction of the overall peripapillary RNFL thickness (95.1+/‐ 13.4 µm) compared with those values observed in control eyes (103.3+/‐9.0 µm) (p=0.008, Student t test). We also observed reduced peripapillary RNFL thickness in superior quadrant in schizophrenic patients (114.7+/‐18.0 µm) when compared with controls (127.3+/‐ 14.4 µm) (p=0.004, Student t test). Cup/disk area ratio (cases: 0.45 +/‐ 0.31; controls: 0.26 +/‐ 0.27 p=0.002, Mann‐Whitney U test), cup/disk horizontal ratio (cases: 0.67 +/‐ 0.22; controls: 0.48 +/‐ 0.23 p=0.003, Student t test), cup/disk vertical ratio (cases: 0.60 +/‐ 0.24; controls: 0.44 +/‐ 0.23 p=0.003, Mann‐Whitney U test) and cup area (cases: 1.32 +/‐ 1.09; controls: 0.73 +/‐ 0.82 p=0.001, Mann‐Whitney U test) were statistically increased in schizophrenic patients. Conclusion Schizophrenia patients showed a reduction in peripapillary RNFL thickness evaluated by OCT and an increase in some measurements of ONH. These findings suggest that as previously observed in neurodegenerative disorders, neuronal degeneration could be present in the

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Purpose Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common sleep and breathing disorder characterized by repeated episodes of hypoxemia.OSAS is associated with persistent neurocognitive injury that may be reflected in structural changes in certain brain regions. The aim of this study is to determine the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, macular thickness and volume by optical coherence tomography (OCT) in adults with OSAS in order to detect axonal injury in this population. Methods Fourty‐nine eyes corresponding to 26 patients (mean age +/‐ SD: 50.8 +/‐ 12.7 years; range: 14‐75; female/male: 5/21) with newly discovered and previously untreated moderate to severe OSAS (apnea‐hypopnea index >15) were compared by OCT with a control group of twenty‐two eyes corresponding to 14 age‐matched healthy individuals (mean age +/‐ SD: 52.1 +/‐ 15.4 years; range: 14‐74; female/male: 7/7), measuring peripapillary RNFL thickness, macular thickness and volume, and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters. Results OSAS patients revealed a significantly lower RNFL thickness in the nasal part of the optic disc (74.6±13.5 µm, range: 47‐100) compared to controls (83.2±14.7 µm, range: 56‐107) (p=0.015). OSAS patients also showed a decreased macular thickness in the outer nasal ring (250.7±13.6 µm, range: 227‐280) compared to controls (265.5±4.9 µm, range: 265‐272) (p=0.05). Other OCT measurements did not show any differences. Conclusion OSAS was associated with a decreased peripapillary RNFL and macular thickness in the nasal quadrants. Therefore, it might be a biomarker of this disease.

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Purpose Bilateral cataract surgery is not part of the regular practice of all centers.It´s indicated only for those cases in which the patient's general condition is very poor Methods We conducted a retrospective study of 106 patients in which visual acuity was assessed before and after surgery, complications, pre, intra and postoperative, the reason for simultaneous intervention, as well as the rate of total bilateral phacoemulsification interventions between 2007‐2011 Results The best corrected visual acuity was 0.4 preoperatively half while mean postoperative visual acuity was 0.8. The rate of simultaneous bilateral phacoemulsification in that period was 0.83%. Conclusion Our results show that simultaneous bilateral surgery is a safe and economical way to quickly rehabilitate certain patients with bilateral cataract.

Purpose To assess the variation of the chamber angle in glaucoma patients postphacotrabeculectomy primary open angle. Methods Was measured by optical coherence tomography Fourier domain (Spectralis, Heidelberg Germany) the chamber angle in 30 patients diagnosed with primary open‐angle glaucoma with cataract surgery combined before and postoperatively, performed with the same protocol and evaluated the difference of the angle pre‐and postoperatively. Results We observed a statistically significant increase in the chamber angle in patients undergoing phacotrabeculectomy Conclusion The phacotrabeculectomy is a safe and effective procedure with minimal complications and good results of intraocular pressure and visual acuity postoperatively.