Investigations into the nutrient requirements of penaeid shrimp in controlled environment systems using extruded diets compounded from practical ingredients have shown that the protein requirement of the early postlarval animal exceeds 40% crude protein, but decreases to less than 30% crude protein in the later life‐cycle stages. Studies of the importance of protein quality, i.e., source and amino acid balance, indicate that when marine protein sources, e.g., fish meal and shrimp meal, exceed 40% of the finished ration performance of the animal suffers. The improbability of lysine and methionine being limiting amino acids in practical rations is discussed.
In addition, the protein requirements of the Gulf of California brown shrimp, (Penaeus californiensis) is compared to non‐grooved shrimp, Penaeus stylirostris and Penaeus vannamei.
Ascorbic acid (AsA) has been identified as a dietary requirement for cultured juvenile penaeid shrimp (Penaeus californiensis and Penaeus stylirostris). A dietary intake of 0.1% was sufficient to prevent nutrition‐related deaths among these shrimp. Without sufficient dietary AsA, a deficiency death, Black Death, occurred. This disease is characterized by melanized hemocytic lesions distributed throughout the collagenous tissues of the shrimp' body. The specific requirement for AsA was demonstrated by feeding a special AsA supplement which resulted in the cessation of Black Death among an AsA‐deficient population. Normal collagen metabolism and wound repair in two penaeid shrimp (Penaeus californiensis and Penaeus stylirostris) was shown to be dependent upon ascorbic acid (AsA) nutrition. A significantly greater number of mortalities occurred among wounded AsA‐deficient shrimp of both species due to poor wound repair than among wounded controls.
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