Black death: an ascorbic acid deficiency disease in penaeid shrimp

Magarelli, P.C.; Hunter, Brian; Lightner, Donald V.; Colvin, L. B.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(79)90634-0

Cited by 41 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…The rate of hydrolysis of urea increases with increasing urea concentration until reaching a maximum, beyond that hydrolysis activity starts to decrease [41,42]. Loest [43] and Shepard and Lunceford [44] obtained maximum urease activity at 0.25 M and 0.008 M concentration of urea, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, purification, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of urease from germinating Pisum Sativum L. seeds

et al. 2014

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BackgroundUrease, one of the highly efficient known enzymes, catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. The present study aimed to extract urease from pea seeds (Pisum Sativum L). The enzyme was then purified in three consequence steps: acetone precipitation, DEAE-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography (Sephacryl S-200 column).ResultsThe purification fold was 12.85 with a yield of 40%. The molecular weight of the isolated urease was estimated by chromatography to be 269,000 Daltons. Maximum urease activity (190 U/g) was achieved at the optimum conditions of 40°C and pH of 7.5 after 5 min of incubation. The kinetic parameters, K m and V max , were estimated by Lineweaver-Burk fits and found to be 500 mM and 333.3 U/g, respectively. The thermodynamic constants of activation, ΔH, E a , and ΔS, were determined using Arrhenius plot and found to be 21.20 kJ/mol, 23.7 kJ/mol, and 1.18 kJ/mol/K, respectively.ConclusionsUrease was purified from germinating Pisum Sativum L. seeds. The purification fold, yield, and molecular weight were determined. The effects of pH, concentration of enzyme, temperature, concentration of substrate, and storage period on urease activity were examined. This may provide an insight on the various aspects of the property of the enzyme. The significance of extracting urease from different sources could play a good role in understanding the metabolism of urea in plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, purification, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of urease from germinating Pisum Sativum L. seeds

et al. 2014

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“…; Magarelli et al . ; Catacutan & Lavilla‐Pitogo ; Montoya & Molina ). In kuruma shrimp, symptoms of vitamin C deficiency are somewhat different including a decolorization and development of abnormal greyish‐white colour on the carapace margins, lower abdomen and tips of walking legs (Deshimaru & Kuroki ).…”

Section: Vitamin C‐deficient Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin C supplementation to optimize growth, health and stress resistance in aquatic animals

Dawood

Koshio

2016

Reviews in Aquaculture

138

105

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Vitamins are organic compounds that can be synthesized from other essential nutrients; however, they are required in trace amounts from an exogenous source for normal growth, reproduction and health. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) is an essential micronutrient for normal growth and physiological function of most aquatic animals. In terrestrial animal nutrition, vitamin C has recently spurred scientific interest because of the increasing knowledge on vitamin C involvement in gene expression, cell cycle and reproduction in mammals; in addition, recent advances in molecular biology techniques allow the more effective estimation of the effect of vitamin C on metabolism and physiology. In contrast, this information is scarce in aquatic animal nutrition, as studies have essentially focused on the estimation of minimum vitamin C requirement for maximum growth and immune response as well as for the formulation of least‐cost diet. This scarcity of information is also due to the lack of well‐established indicators of vitamin C status in aquatic organisms. The present review summarizes and discusses information about vitamin C sources, bioavailability, deficiency and requirement in aquatic animals to plan further studies. In the future, vitamin C nutrition studies in aquaculture should also include immune responses, histopathology of the gills, liver, gonad development, gamete quality and quantity, fecundity, larvae survival and gene expression. Dietary vitamin C requirements should be estimated at every life‐history stage of cultured species. All this information will allow a better understanding of the essentiality of vitamin C in aquatic animal growth, development, reproduction and health.

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“…An important aspect of larval culture is the ability to provide feeds that are able to sustain growth and development. Hence, the formulation of specific dietary supplements designed to overcome nutritional or physiological deficiencies that may prevent or seriously stifle the successful culture of a target species (Magarelli et al . 1979; Sandnes 1984; Léger et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AA is a co‐factor in the post‐transcriptional hydroxylation of proline and lysine to form collagen (Robertson & Schwartz 1953; Hunter et al . 1979; Dabrowski 1992a), which is an essential component in the bones and cartilage of fish and connective tissue of crustaceans (Magarelli et al . 1979; Sato et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

2004

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Newly hatched Jasus edwardsii phyllosoma were fed unenriched Artemia [endogenous ascorbic acid (AA) concentration of 166 μg g−1 dry weight (dw)], Artemia supplemented with algae (AA concentration 594 μg g−1 dw) or with ascorbyl‐2‐polyphosphate (A2P) (AA concentration 11 737 μg g−1 dw) to examine possible benefits of AA enhancement on culture. Plain or algal‐enriched Artemia were fed continuously for 28 days in two treatments during the study. Four other treatments received A2P‐enriched Artemia on a progressive basis starting from the commencement of the trial (D‐0), the third (D‐3), sixth (D‐6) or ninth day (D‐9) of Stage I (14 days) and similarly during Stage II (14 days). Prior to the commencement of A2P supplementation, plain Artemia were supplied to these animals. By Stage III (28 days feeding), algal, D‐0 and D‐3 phyllosoma had attained the largest size. The uptake and retention of AA by Stage III phyllosoma appeared to be dose‐dependent with the highest concentration of AA incorporation evident in D‐0 phyllosoma (1816 μg g−1 dw), while algal and plain phyllosoma contained the lowest concentrations (600 and 300 μg g−1 dw, respectively). Survival at Stage III was highest in D‐0 phyllosoma (89%) and lowest in plain phyllosoma (51%). There was a positive relationship between phyllosoma AA concentration and larval survival (R2 = 0.8328, P < 0.0001). D‐0 phyllosoma had the lowest stress index when subjected to an osmotic/temperature activity test, indicative of better survival in culture compared to plain, algal and D‐9 phyllosoma, which had consistently higher indices. A negative relationship existed between phyllosoma AA concentration and stress indices at Stage III (R2 = 0.9263, P < 0.0001), suggesting that AA from the Artemia diet conferred stress resistance.

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Black death: an ascorbic acid deficiency disease in penaeid shrimp

Cited by 41 publications

References 14 publications

Extraction, purification, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of urease from germinating Pisum Sativum L. seeds

Extraction, purification, kinetic and thermodynamic properties of urease from germinating Pisum Sativum L. seeds

Vitamin C supplementation to optimize growth, health and stress resistance in aquatic animals

Feeding juvenile Artemia enriched with ascorbic acid improves larval survival in the spiny lobster Jasus edwardsii

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