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A moderately halophilic actinomycete, designated HA-9 T , was isolated from a saltern in Kunsan, Republic of Korea, and was the subject of polyphasic identification. Analysis of 16S rDNA indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Nocardiopsis, but differed genetically from other Nocardiopsis species. Strain HA-9T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, no diagnostic sugars, hexaor octa-hydrogenated menaquinones with 10 isoprene units, straight-chain saturated or monounsaturated, iso-, anteiso-, 10-methyl branched fatty acids with 13-18 carbons and type III phospholipids. All of these characters consistently assign the isolate to the genus Nocardiopsis. All of the validly described Nocardiopsis species, including moderately halophilic Nocardiopsis halophila, can be differentiated from the saltern isolate using morphological and physiological traits. On the basis of polyphasic evidence, the name Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov. is proposed for strain HA-9 T (l KCTC 9831 T ), which is designated the type strain.Keywords : Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov., polyphasic taxonomy, 16S rDNA sequencing INTRODUCTIONThe genus Nocardiopsis was created by Meyer (1976) to harbour Actinomadura dassonvillei on the basis of morphological and chemotaxonomic properties. The genus currently comprises seven validly described species, namely Nocardiopsis alba, Nocardiopsis dassonvillei, Nocardiopsis halophila, Nocardiopsis listeri, Nocardiopsis lucentensis, Nocardiopsis prasina and Nocardiopsis synnemataformans Kroppenstedt, 1992 ;Yassin et al., 1993Yassin et al., , 1997. The members of Nocardiopsis are phylogenetically coherent and form a monophyletic clade that is equated with the family Nocardiopsaceae (Rainey et al., 1996). None of the Nocardiopsis species to date have been reported as halophilic except N. halophila, which can grow best at 5-15 % NaCl . In this study, we report the results of polyphasic identification of an actinomycete strain, designated HA-9 T , isolated from a saltern sample. optimally in medium containing 10 % NaCl and showed properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardiopsis Meyer 1976 as a new species, of which the name Nocardiopsis kunsanensis sp. nov. is proposed. METHODSBacterial strains. The saltern sample was collected from Kunsan, Republic of Korea. Bacterial strains were isolated by plating serially diluted samples onto Bennett medium based on seawater (2 g glucose, 1 g yeast extract, 1 g malt extract, 2 g peptone, 20 g agar, 1 l aged seawater, pH 7n2). After incubating at 30 mC for 2 weeks, a visible colony, designated HA-9 T , was transferred and subcultured until pure culture was obtained. Complex medium (CM ; 7n5 g Casamino acids, 10 g yeast extract, 3 g sodium citrate, 10 g magnesium sulfate, 2 g potassium chloride, 1 ml 4n98 % iron sulfate, 100 g NaCl, 1 l distilled water, pH 7n4) was used for growing strain HA-9 T and Nocardiopsis halophila KCTC 9825 T (l A.S.4.1195). The strain was maintained as a glycerol suspension (20 %, w\v) at k80 mC. J. Chun and others colonies, ...

The taxonomic position of a marine, gliding, pink-pigmented, aerobic, heterotrophic and Gram-negative bacterium was established using a polyphasic approach. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the strain was a member of the phylum ‘Bacteroidetes’ in which it occupied a separate lineage. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C15 : 0 iso, C17 : 0 iso 3-OH, summed feature 3 and summed feature 4. The DNA G+C content was 48·7 mol%. Phylogenetic evidence and the results of phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses strongly support the assignment of the newly isolated bacterium as a member of a novel genus and species, for which the name Pontibacter actiniarum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6156T (=KCTC 12367T=LMG 23027T). It is also proposed that the illegitimate names Reichenbachia and Reichenbachia agariperforans are replaced with Reichenbachiella and Reichenbachiella agariperforans, respectively.

Three novel heterotrophic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, gliding, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria were isolated from algae collected in the Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains studied represented members of the family Flavobacteriaceae and showed 93·5–93·8 % similarity with their closest relative, Psychroserpens burtonensis. The DNA G+C content of the strains was 34–37 mol%. The major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The predominant fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1, iso-C16 : 0-3OH and iso-C17 : 0-3OH. On the basis of their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the newly described bacteria have been assigned to the new genus Winogradskyella gen. nov., as Winogradskyella thalassocola sp. nov. (type strain, KMM 3907T=KCTC 12221T=LMG 22492T=DSM 15363T), Winogradskyella epiphytica sp. nov. (type strain, KMM 3906T=KCTC 12220T=LMG 22491T=CCUG 47091T) and Winogradskyella eximia sp. nov. (type strain, KMM 3944T (=KCTC 12219T=LMG 22474T).

Six novel gliding, heterotrophic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive bacteria were isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata, sea water and a bottom sediment sample collected in the Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains studied were members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. On the basis of their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, the novel bacteria have been assigned to the new genus Maribacter gen. nov., as Maribacter sedimenticola sp. nov., Maribacter orientalis sp. nov., Maribacter aquivivus sp. nov. and Maribacter ulvicola sp. nov., with the type strains KMM 3903T (=KCTC 12966T=CCUG 47098T), KMM 3947T (=KCTC 12967T=CCUG 48008T), KMM 3949T (=KCTC 12968T=CCUG 48009T) and KMM 3951T (=KCTC 12969T=DSM 15366T), respectively.

An actinobacterial strain was isolated from marine sediment taken from the Troitsa Bay of the Gulf of Peter the Great, East Siberian Sea, and subjected to a taxonomic investigation. The isolate, designated KMM 3905T, was Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile and coccoid. The strain tolerated up to 15 % NaCl in growth media, although its presence was not essential for growth. Chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties of the strain were consistent with its classification in the genus Kocuria. The strain formed an independent phylogenetic line in the 16S rRNA gene tree encompassed by members of Kocuria. Comparison of phenotypic characteristics also supported its assignment to a novel species within Kocuria. The name Kocuria marina sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3905T = KCTC 9943T) is proposed for this halotolerant actinobacterium from the marine environment.

Three new epidithiodioxopiperazine compounds, bionectins A (1), B (2), and C (3), along with a known compound, verticillin D (4), have been isolated from the mycelium of liquid fermentation cultures of the fungus Bionectra byssicola F120. The structures of compounds 1-3 were assigned on the basis of MS and NMR data. Compounds 1 and 2 incorporate a dioxopiperazine moiety with a disulfide bridge in their molecules, while 3 contains a dioxopiperazine ring with two methylsulfanyl groups. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and quinolone-resistant S. aureus (QRSA), with MIC values of 10-30 microg/mL, while 3 showed no antibacterial activity even at 100 microg/mL.

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