The magnetization ( M ) as a function of temperature ( T ) from 2 to 300 K and in-plane field ( H ) up to 1 kOe, room temperature easy and hard direction in-plane field hysteresis loops for fields between 100 ± Oe, and 10 GHz ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) profiles have been measured for a series of soft-magnetic nano-crystalline 50 nm thick Fe-Ti-N films made by magnetron sputtering in an in-plane field. The nominal titanium concentration was 3 at. % and the nitrogen concentrations ( N x ) ranged from zero to 12.7 at. %. The saturation magnetization ( s M ) vs. T data and the extracted exchange parameters as a function of N x are consistent with a lattice expansion due to the addition of interstitial nitrogen in the body-centered-cubic (bcc) lattice and a structural transition to body-centered-tetragonal (bct) in the 6 8 − at. % nitrogen range.
Austenite stainless steel 304 has properties of high resistance to corrosion and temperature changes. Therefore, this material is widely used in various of industries. However, when the material is subjected to heating and cooling cycles the forming accuracy, for example, the right angle associated with a sharp bend such as corner is lost. This phenomenon is caused by the reversion of the deformation-induced martensite into austenite when the temperature in increased. This result in misfit of a structure or an assembly, and an increase in residual stress. Hence, it is important to understand this process.In this study, to evaluate the mechanical behavior of the deformation-induced martensite and reversed austenite, a scanning acoustic spectroscope including the capability of obtaining both phase and amplitude of the ultrasonic wave (i.e., the complex V(z) curve method) was used. Then, the velocities of the SAW propagating within the specimens made in different conditions were measured. The experimental differences of the SAW velocities obtained in this experiment were ranging from 2,750 m/s to 2,850 m/s, and the theoretical difference was 3.6% under the assumption that the SAW velocity was 2,800 m/s. The error became smaller as the martensite content was increased. Therefore, the SAW velocity may be a probe to estimate the marternsite content.
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