The aim of this study was to evaluate histologic changes after long-term administration of the topical nasal decongestants phenylephrine and oxymetazoline. Ninety healthy rabbits were divided into 3 groups for topical administration for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks. Each group was subdivided into 3 subgroups by topical administration of phenylephrine. oxymetazoline, and physiologic saline as controls. Each study group thus consisted of 10 rabbits. Phenylephrine was administered by 2 puffs in the left nostril 5 times daily and oxymetazoline by 2 puffs twice a day using metered sprayers giving 0.10 ml in each puff with a dosage used in clinical practice. For statistical significance the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used. Light and electron microscopic examination were performed after obtaining nasal respiratory mucosa from the nasal septum of the rabbits. Administration of phenylephrine and oxymetazoline for more than 2 weeks caused histologic changes including ciliary loss, epithelial ulceration, inflammatory cell infiltration and subepithelial edema, and the changes were more pronounced with increasing administration duration of the decongestants. Ciliary loss was prominent in the 4-week phenylephrine and oxymetazoline groups. There were significantly severer changes in the morphologic variables in the decongestant groups compared with the control group according to administration duration (p < 0.05). Dilatation or vacuolization of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula and vesicles ill the cytoplasm were observed in the 2- and 4-week phenylephrine groups as well as the 2- and 4-week oxymetazoline groups. Mild widening of the intercellular space was observed in the 4-week phenylephrine group. Purulent maxillary sinusitis developed in 6 of 10 rabbits treated for 4 weeks with phenylephrine. The results of this study suggest that the administration of decongestants may cause ciliary loss with subsequent inflammatory changes in the nasal respiratory mucosa.
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of the maxillary sinus on the voice. The prospective study was conducted at an academic secondary referral center. A prospective chart review of 43 patients (17 males, 26 females) who conducted a voice recording and survey before and 3 months after middle meatal antrostomy whose lesion was confined to the maxillary sinus. Subjective voice changes were surveyed using a questionnaire. After phonation [∧m ma: the Korean pronunciation of 'mother'], [Nu Na: the Korean pronunciation of 'sister'], we analyzed the nasal consonant [m] of [∧m ma] and nasalized vowel [a] of [∧m ma] and [a] of [Nu Na]. In the poll conducted, the change rates for males and females were 41.1 % (7/17) and 15.4 % (4/26), respectively; of the male patients, 85.7 % (6/7) felt that the sound quality was better and 14.3 % (1/6) that it was worse. However, all the female patients felt it was better. Among of the patients with an improved voice, reduced nasal sound was the most frequent observation. In an objective analysis, a tendency to lowered frequencies was observed for nasalized vowels after surgery. Significant differences were observed at second formant frequencies of [a] of [∧m ma] and first formant frequencies of [a] of [Nu Na] in female subjects (P < 0.005). Our findings indicated that the maxillary sinus plays a role in the modification of voice quality. Preoperative counseling is important for patients concerning expected changes in the voice after maxillary sinus surgery.
RESUMONum levantamento sobre coccidiose intestinal em 27 gambás do sudeste de orelha preta adultos, Didelphis aurita, na região sudeste do Brasil, um grande número de oocistos com 34,28 ± 4,51 por 31,63 ± 4,62 mm de diâmetro e com índice morfométrico de 1,09, contendo de 8 a 12 esporocistos foram observados em dois (7,41 %) animais. De acordo com a dieta dos gambás, mais a característica morfológica dos oocistos esporulados, este organismo foi identificado como um coccidia da família Adeleidae, sendo assim considerado como um pseudoparasito deste animal. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Adeleidae, Coccidia, oocistos esporulados, pseudoparasitismo, Didelphidae, Didelphis aurita, gambá do sudeste de orelha preta.
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