Low visfatin and adiponectin and high progesterone levels in the circulation and high energy and saturated fat intakes were common risk factors for GDM and pregnancy outcome such as large for gestational age. Daily reference intakes for energy and fat during pregnancy need to be re-evaluated according to prepregnancy BMI.

Four hundred and sixty-seven hematopoietic stem cell transplantations (HSCTs) (217 autologous and 250 allogeneic HSCT) were performed in 374 children at four pediatric HSCT centers in Korea from January 2005 to December 2007. Among 467 transplants, veno-occlusive disease (VOD) developed in 72 transplants (15.4%) at a median of 10 days after HSCT. Multivariate analysis showed that BU or TBI-containing regimen (P ¼ 0.002), VOD prophylaxis without lipo-prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (P ¼ 0.012), number of previous HSCT (P ¼ 0.014), and pretransplant serum ferritin (P ¼ 0.018) were independent risk factors for developing VOD. Mean serum ferritin levels were significantly higher in HSCT with VOD (2109.6 ± 2842.5 ng/ml) than in HSCT without VOD (1315.9±1094.4 ng/ml) (Po0.001). The relative risk of death within 100 days of HSCT in transplants with VOD compared with transplants without VOD was 3.39 (confidence interval: 1.78-6.45). Our results suggest that lipo-PGE1 might have a protective effect against the development of VOD, and pretransplant serum ferritin could act as a risk factor for VOD. A larger prospective study is needed to confirm a possible role of lipo-PGE1 and iron chelation therapy in reducing the incidence of VOD.

Tenofovir is not significantly different from entecavir in virologic response and tolerability in the treatment of chronic HBV.

The eldery constituted the fast growing segment of the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) population. However, the information about the elderly patients on hemodilaysis therapy is limited. We investigated outcomes and the prognostic factors for elderly patients who initiated hemodialysis.We reviewed medical recodes and conducted survival analysis in elderly patients over than 75 years when they had started hemodialysis in single center between 1988 and 2010. We analyzed the survival time of elderly hemodialysis patients with Korean national health insurance data system. Sixty hundred and sixty eight patients initated hemodialysis from 1988 and sixty five patients among them were over than 75 years. Their median survival from initiation of hemodialysis was 29.02 (13.31-49.51) months. The survival in patients whose HbA1c level was higher than 7.0% was lower than in their counterpart (32.85 Vs 13.31 months; P¼0.0014).The patients with AVBG and AVF showed much better survival compared to catheter (36.75, 32.46 Vs 3.26 months; P¼ 0.0016). The patients over than 80 years were 43% and their survival was much lower than the patients younger than 80 years (16.00 Vs 36.75 months ; P ¼0.0107). Cox regression analysis showed the HbA1C 47.0% is independent prognostic factor. (HR ¼ 4.66 (1.79-12.16), p ¼0.002). In conclusion, Diabeus mellitus per se was not a risk factor for mortality in this group. However untrolled diabetes mellitus is independent prognostic factor for elderly ESRD patients.http://dx.After PTX in 21HPT, appropriate calcium and calcitriol was supplied to prevent hungry bone syndrome. Duration of admission was variable according to multiple causes. We hypothesized the admission duration was mainly affected by calcium requirement. The aims of this study were to evaluate PTX in 21HPT in single center and to make equation for calcium requirement. We evaluated 91 patients with 94 PTX from Nov. 2003 to Dec.2011 in Korea Univ. Guro Hospital. We retrieved demographic details including sex, age, body weight, DM, hypertension, mode of renal replacement therapy, duration of dialysis, duration of admission, mode of PTX, method of anesthetics, number of glands removed, the largest gland length, the heaviest gland, and histologic profile of removed gland. We also gathered preoperative and postoperative (12 hrs and 48 hrs after PTX, discharge, 3 mo, 6 mo, 1 yr after PTX) laboratory data such as calcium, phosphorus, iPTH, ALP, albumin, and Hb. We summated oral and intravenous calcium supplement during hospitalization after PTX. We prescribed oral calcitriol 2.0 mg/day after PTX. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS ver. 12.0.1. We could find log(calcium total supplement during admission) is correlated with preoperative ALP (p¼0.000), preoperative iPTH (pþ0.037), and D phosphorus 48 hrs after PTX (p¼ 0.000) by multiple linear regression. Log (calcium total supplement during admission) ¼ 2.576 þ 0.001 X preoperative ALP þ 3.575 X 10-5 X preoperative iPTH þ 0.06 X Dphosphorus 48 hrs after PTX. We believe this equation woul...