The gaming economy has expanded rapidly in East Asia over the past decade. Despite the known public health hazards of secondhand smoking, smoking bans in casinos remain controversial due to concerns over the potential economic harm to casino firms. Applying an event study, the authors examine the abnormal returns of casino stocks in response to three unexpected smoking ban announcements from 2011 to 2015 in Macao. Their analysis reveals that these announcements were associated with differentiated abnormal returns of casino stocks. Stocks of traditional casinos suffered abnormal losses of 0.58-3%, while the Las Vegas themed casinos enjoyed positive abnormal returns of up to 3%. Furthermore, the authors find that low air quality in gaming venues and high dependence on gaming revenues are associated with abnormal losses, while positive management initiatives are significantly correlated with positive abnormal returns. The findings of this study provide a full picture of the impacts of smoking bans on casinos and thus will be a useful policy references for the Macao government, as well as for the rapidly growing gaming industry in Asia and developing economies elsewhere.
JEL L83 K32 Z33
To better understand whether Chinese mobility has a significant effect on the Australian residential real estate market, the relationship between Chinese individual mobility and Australian residential real estate market is explored. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach is employed to investigate the cointegration relationship of the variables, including Chinese tourism mobility, Chinese temporary migration mobility, Australian residential real estate prices and the Australian real estate construction. The primary finding is that Chinese tourism mobility and temporary migration mobility does not have a significant and positive effect on Australian residential real estate prices, but Chinese tourism mobility contributes to the development of the Australian real estate construction in the long run. In terms of the short run, Chinese tourism mobility and temporary migration mobility lead to an increase in Australian residential real estate prices and have a negative effect on the Australian real estate construction. It is believed that understanding the effect of Chinese individual mobility in the Australian residential real estate market will assist policymakers or researchers to make reasonable policies or methods to solve affordability issues caused by high residential real estate prices.
This study aims to compare the performance of free‐floating and currency board regimes for Hong Kong by examining historical data of the two on the output growth and inflation rate. Structural vector autoregression has been applied in the empirical analysis. Without making a strong assumption of unit variance in the residual matrix, this study applies a more natural approach proposed by Cecchetti and Rich to recover the structural parameters. The study has further investigated the recovery of the economy under a demand shock under different exchange rate regimes, in order to provide some evidence to answer why Hong Kong's recovery process after the Asian financial crisis is relatively longer than that in other economies with a managed floating exchange rate regime. New evidence in this study indicates that output recovers much faster in a flexible exchange rate regime than in a fixed exchange rate regime after an aggregate demand shock. Furthermore, this study has applied a more robust method in the counterfactual analysis when comparing the two regimes. New evidence in this study suggests that a free‐floating regime may generate much smaller output variance in Hong Kong and deliver higher output and price levels to Hong Kong.
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