Relative visceral obesity as assessed by VAT% was associated with clinicopathological characteristics of localized renal cell carcinoma. A U-shaped association between VAT% quartiles and risk of disease recurrence was observed among patients with localized renal cell carcinoma.

PurposeTo compare several contemporary urodynamic criteria for diagnosing detrusor underactivity (DU) and estimate how well they coincide with each other.Materials and MethodsFrom our prospective urodynamic database we identified nonneurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) patients older than 60 years between 2003 and 2014. Patients were reclassified based on four and three contemporary criteria for DU among men and women. Each criterion was compared with the others using the McNemar test.ResultsUrodynamic data of 4,372 patients (3,357 men and 1,015 women) were analyzed. In men, the prevalence of DU was estimated to be 56%, 17%, 5%, and 10% based on bladder contractility index, Abrams-Griffith number, maximal detrusor pressure at maximal flow rate (PdetQmax) 30, and bladder voiding efficiency (BVE) criteria. In women, 14.9%, 9.6%, and 6.4% of patients were classified as having DU based on maximal flow rate/postvoid residual (Qmax/PVR), PdetQmax 30, and BVE criteria. For individual subjects, all 4 criteria for men were significantly different from each other, while PdetQmax 30 and BVE criteria for women did not differ significantly (p=0.065). Additionally, BVE criterion for men and PdetQmax 30 and BVE criteria for women could distinguish the differences of patient age, free Qmax and free PVR between patient with and without DU.ConclusionsEach urodynamic criterion for men does not coincide with each other in the diagnosis of DU within individual subjects. On the other hand, PdetQmax 30 criteria and BVE criteria for women could be appropriately applied to clinical practice when diagnosing DU in women with LUTS.

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This study established a prediction model for bending properties of glued-laminated timber (glulam) using optimized knot and modulus of elasticity (MOE) distributions of lumber laminate as the main input variables. For this purpose, knot and MOE data were investigated for all pieces of lumber that were prepared for glulam manufacturing, and statistical distributions of knot size, knot number in one lumber, and MOE of each laminate were optimized as distribution functions. These knot and MOE data were used as input variables in the prediction model for bending properties, and were also used in generating virtual glulam using the inverse transform method. Prediction of bending properties for glulam was carried out using the transformed section method, which is partially provided in ASTM D 3737 (Annex A4). Predicted values were compared with those from full-scale four-point bending tests for 60 sixlayered glulams with 10 different laminar combinations. Finally, the allowable bending properties of glulam for each specific laminate combination were determined by calculating the fifth percentile of the modulus of rupture and the average modulus of elasticity from virtual test results of more than 1000 virtual glulams. From the results of this study, predicted bending properties for glulam and their distributions could be used for structural design in both allowable stress design and limit state design.

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