The digital twin has recently become a popular topic in research related to manufacturing, such as Industry 4.0, the industrial internet of things, and cyber-physical systems. In addition, digital twins are the focus of several research areas: construction, urban management, digital transformation of the economy, medicine, virtual reality, software testing, and others. The concept is not yet fully defined, its scope seems unlimited, and the topic is relatively new; all this can present a barrier to research. The main goal of this paper is to develop a proper methodology for visualizing the digital-twin science landscape using modern bibliometric tools, text-mining and topic-modeling, based on machine learning models—Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) and BERTopic (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers). The scope of the study includes 8693 publications on the topic selected from the Scopus database, published between January 1993 and September 2022. Keyword co-occurrence analysis and topic-modeling indicate that studies on digital twins are still in the early stage of development. At the same time, the core of the topic is growing, and some topic clusters are emerging. More than 100 topics can be identified; the most popular and fastest-growing topic is ‘digital twins of industrial robots, production lines and objects.’ Further efforts are needed to verify the proposed methodology, which can be achieved by analyzing other research fields.

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Focusing on the term zemskii sobor, this study explored the historiographies of the early modern Russian assemblies, which the term denoted, as well as the autocratic and democratic mythologies connected to it. Historians have discussed whether the individual assemblies in the sixteenth and seventeenth century could be seen as a consistent institution, what constituencies were represented there, what role they played in the relations of the Tsar with his subjects, and if they were similar to the early modern assemblies elsewhere. The growing historiographic consensus does not see the early modern Russian assemblies as an institution. In the nineteenth–early twentieth century, history writing and myth-making integrated the zemskii sobor into the argumentations of both the opponents and the proponents of parliamentarism in Russia. The autocratic mythology, perpetuated by the Slavophiles in the second half of the nineteenth century, proved more coherent yet did not achieve the recognition from the Tsars. The democratic mythology was more heterogeneous and, despite occasionally fading to the background of the debates, lasted for some hundred years between the 1820s and the 1920s. Initially, the autocratic approach to the zemskii sobor was idealistic, but it became more practical at the summit of its popularity during the Revolution of 1905–1907, when the zemskii sobor was discussed by the government as a way to avoid bigger concessions. Regionalist approaches to Russia’s past and future became formative for the democratic mythology of the zemskii sobor, which persisted as part of the romantic nationalist imagery well into the Russian Civil War of 1918–1922. The zemskii sobor came to represent a Russian constituent assembly, destined to mend the post-imperial crisis. The two mythologies converged in the Priamur Zemskii Sobor, which assembled in Vladivostok in 1922 and became the first assembly to include the term into its official name.

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Abstract:The history of boundaries is the subject of different sciences including history itself, geography, anthropology, sociology and many other disciplines. The correlation of the theoretical interpretations of the borders' development and the factual historical data is the most difficult problem to be solved. In order to resolve this problem in a consistent manner the modern instrument of the geoinformation systems (GIS) can be used. The article is showing how the different layers and interpretations can be consistently overlaid on the map on the case of the Russian-Swedish border history after 1617.Ключевые слова / Keywords: ГИС, Россия, Швеция, Ингрия, Столбовский договор 1617 г., граница / Geoinformation systems (GIS), Russia, Sweden, Ingria, the 1617 Treaty of Stolbovo, border.Границы и история их развития представляют собой сложный и многомерный предмет для изучения. В фокусе внимания исследователя -разнообразные и противоречивые факторы, которые условно можно разделить на глобальные (универсальные) и локальные (конкретно-исторические).Под глобальными факторами будут подразумеваться подходы к интерпретации границ, а под локальными -совокупность и разнородность данных и источников по изучению границы. Различные комбинации подходов и подборка источников дают совершенно различные интерпретации истории границ и приграничья, позволяют по-разному посмотреть на причины и следствия тех или иных событий. Сложность  Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения проекта РГНФ (ОГОН РФФИ) № 15-01-00205/17-ОГОН «Русско-шведская граница в Ингрии XVII века: историко-географическое исследование».