<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> In India the overall incidence of cancer is low. However the cancers of head and neck have high incidence like that of larynx and pharynx.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu, for a period of 3 years from June 2016 to March 2019. 112 patients with cancer of larynx and hypopharynx were included in the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The male to female ratio in the present study was 9:1. Mean age of presentation of the patients was 57.9±4.6 years. Hoarseness was the overall the most common complaint of the patients presenting with malignancy of larynx and hypopharynx (80.35%), followed by the complaint of dysphagia (68.7%). Smoking and alcohol consumption was the most common risk factor associated. 78 (69.6%) had primary malignancy of larynx and 34 (30.4%) had primary malignancy arising from hypopharynx. Most common site of presentation for laryngeal cancer was supraglottis (56/78) while pyriform sinus was the most common site to be involved in hypopharynx (24/34). 76 out of 112 patients (67.8%) presented with neck nodes. 41% of the patients presented in stage III and 32.14% patients presented in stage IV malignancy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Malignant laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers are presented in late stages when management options become limited and survival of the patients fall significantly. Awareness of the symptoms developing due to laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is necessary so that people can recognize the developing cancers in earliest stages.</p>
Quality of life includes the physical, functional, social and emotional well being of an individual. Coping strategy is one’s flexibility in using different strategies according to the multiple situational demands is sown in empirical research to have an overall reduction in observable stress (Sideridus, 2006). The poor quality of life is associated with depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. Thus, the present study aims to see the quality of life and copying strategies in depression and obsessive compulsive disorder. It consists of 30 participants purposively selected from government hospitals across Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad. The participants were assigned in two groups’ i.e Depression (15) and OCD (15). The respondents were assessed using quality of life questionnaire, Y-BOCS severity scale, Beck depression inventory and coping strategy inventory which was administered individually. There is no significant difference between the two groups on Coping Strategies and Quality of Life. It is found that Cognitive Restructuring and Social Support are negatively correlated with Depression. There is significant negative correlation between Problem Focused Engagement, Emotion Focused Engagement, cognitive strategy, Engagement, Quality of Life with depression. Whereas it shows no significant correlation between OCD and coping strategy and OCD and Quality of Life.
Conversion Disorder is characterized as symptoms mimicking neurological disorder with no underlying physical or medical problem, psychogenic in nature and the onset of symptoms must be recognized or related to psychological stress. The self concept in conversion disorder seems to be distorted and limited. The aim of the study is critical appraisal on self concept in Conversion Disorder and the objectives are to review the studies on self concept in Conversion Disorder. Pubmed, Jastor, Elsevier and Indian Journal of Psychiatry were searched using the word hysteria or conversion disorders, self image, self efficacy, self regulation, ideal self, self esteem and self concept. It was found that patient with Conversion Disorder has a sense of self of a small, fearful and defective child coping in a world dominated by powerful others, they have frustrated needs and accompanied by frustration in the need for ‘self-esteem and self-actualization, Lack awareness of their self efficacy, heightened self-monitoring and construct myths of self which testify to the sincerity and significance of their conversion experiences, may involve a form of deception. It was also found that Repression replaces the unconscious with self deception, they have low self esteem and significantly increased activation in areas involved in the ‘freeze response’ to fear (periaqueductal grey matter), and areas involved in self-awareness and motor control (cingulate gyrus and supplementary motor area).
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