“Vascular malformations” comprise a group of lesions, formed by an anomalous proliferation of angiovascular or lymphovascular structures. Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow malformation, characterized by direct communication between arteries and veins, lacking normal capillary network. AVMs are usually congenital. Acquired AVMs are reported to occur due to trauma or hormonal changes. Acquired AVMs, though rare in oral cavity, when present are persistent and progressive in nature and can represent a lethal benign disease. They are often associated with extensive blood loss, and an incomplete resection frequently leads to regrowth of the lesion often larger than its original size. We present a rare case of an acquired AVM diagnosed on contrast-enhancing computed tomography angiography and histopathology in a 65-year-old professional trumpet blower.
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Oral cancer consists of a group of neoplasms affecting any region of the oral cavity. This term is commonly used interchangeably with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), representing the most frequent of all oral neoplasms. Factors affecting the development of the oral squamous cell carcinoma are tobacco use, alcohol consumption, low socio-economic status, poor hygiene, poor diet, viral infection like HPV, ill-fitting dentures, jagged teeth.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> An institution based retrospective observational study was conducted in the department of ENT, GMC Jammu, including the records of the patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma admitted from June 2016 to July 2019. 80 patients of oral carcinoma were included in the study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Male to female ratio was 5.1:1. Mean age of presentation was 49.2±4.1 with most of the cases presenting in the 6<sup>th</sup> decade. 27 (33.75%) patients had history of chewing tobacco alone, 17 (21%) had smoking with chewing tobacco and 10 (12.5 %) smoking with alcohol. 52% patients presented with growth of tongue (52%) followed by buccal mucosa (17.5%) and other sites. Histopathological grading of OSCC showed predominance of well differentiated cancer in 44 cases (55%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Cases of OSCC are increasing day by day in young generation due to increasing exposure to the risk habits which are easily accessible to them.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Aims and objectives of the study were to find incidence and causes for postoperative mastoid cavity problems after modified radical mastoidectomy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The present prospective study was conducted in the Department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu from September 2017 to February 2020 on 25 patients with active squamosal chronic otitis media. All patients underwent modified radical mastoidectomy after taking written and informed consent. A period of 3 months postoperatively was taken as a healing time for complete epitheliasation of cavity. Any patient presenting with symptoms beyond this period was considered a cavity problem case.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Out of 25 patients, 9 patients had cavity problems, the incidence of cavity problem being 36%. Perforation in tympanic membrane was seen in 7 patients (77%) and high facial ridge in 2 patients (22%). There was no case of narrow meatoplasty in our study.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Incidence of mastoid cavity problems can be reduced if the open cavity procedures are executed adequately.</p>
<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> In India the overall incidence of cancer is low. However the cancers of head and neck have high incidence like that of larynx and pharynx.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of ENT, SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu, for a period of 3 years from June 2016 to March 2019. 112 patients with cancer of larynx and hypopharynx were included in the study. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The male to female ratio in the present study was 9:1. Mean age of presentation of the patients was 57.9±4.6 years. Hoarseness was the overall the most common complaint of the patients presenting with malignancy of larynx and hypopharynx (80.35%), followed by the complaint of dysphagia (68.7%). Smoking and alcohol consumption was the most common risk factor associated. 78 (69.6%) had primary malignancy of larynx and 34 (30.4%) had primary malignancy arising from hypopharynx. Most common site of presentation for laryngeal cancer was supraglottis (56/78) while pyriform sinus was the most common site to be involved in hypopharynx (24/34). 76 out of 112 patients (67.8%) presented with neck nodes. 41% of the patients presented in stage III and 32.14% patients presented in stage IV malignancy.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Malignant laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers are presented in late stages when management options become limited and survival of the patients fall significantly. Awareness of the symptoms developing due to laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer is necessary so that people can recognize the developing cancers in earliest stages.</p>
Introduction: Direct laryngoscopy is a common procedure being done by otolaryngologists under general anaesthesia for various pathologies of the larynx and hypopharynx. Regional anaesthesia using topical spray and bilateral superior nerve block is an alternative for the direct laryngoscopy. Aim: To evaluate the effect of bilateral block of superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) and topical anesthesia in direct laryngoscopy for diagnostic purpose as well as for taking biopsies from the larynx and hypopharynx. Materials And Methods: This is a prospective study done on 20 patients in age group of 50 to 70 years with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal growth. All these patients underwent diagnostic direct laryngoscopy with biopsy under regional block which include bilateral superior laryngeal nerve block with 2% lignocaine and topical anaesthesia of oral cavity and transtracheal through cricothyroid membrane with 10% lignocaine spray and 4% lignocaine respectively. Result: Success rate in our study was 85% in supraglottic, transglottic, pyriform growth and only 15% in glottis and postcricoid growth based on assessment of hemodynamic stability and patients comfortable score before and after the procedure under regional block. Conclusion: Direct Laryngoscopy under topical anesthesia and superior laryngeal nerve block for biopsy is a good alternative to general anesthesia for the patients presenting in ENT with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal pathologies.
<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Deviated nasal septum (DNS) is a common condition with various factors affecting its occurrence. The study was aimed to find the prevalence of DNS in newborns.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in the SMGS hospital, GMC Jammu. A sample size of 200 newborns, less than 7 days of age were included in the study. 200 newborns in the postnatal wards were examined in the present cross-section observational study including the age ranging from 1 day to 5 days. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Prevalence of DNS in the present study was 29%. 103 babies were born to the primipara mothers out of which 39 (37.86%) had DNS while only 19 (19.58%) out of 97 babies born to the multipara mothers had the DNS. The newborns with higher birth weight had higher incidence of having DNS. 41.17% of the newborns with weight of >3 kg had DNS as compared to those in 2 to 2.5 kg group (17.28%) and <2 kg group (11.76%).</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>DNS is a common finding since birth which may persist in later life. Routine examination of the newborns specifically regarding the nose should be done to detect the septal deviations at earliest so that active intervention can be done when required.</p>
Background: Vitamin D has a great impact on multiple body systems including cardiovascular health and blood pressure. Objective: Our study aims to examine the relation between the circulating serum 25 (OH)D level and systolic and diastolic Blood pressure.
Aims & Objectives: to assess the hearing outcome in patients of chronic otitis media undergoing tympanoplasty. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients between age group of 18 to 50 years attending the ENT OPD of SMGS Hospital, GMC Jammu between February 2018 and January 2019, were included in our study. Inclusion criteria for our study were patients of both safe and unsafe ears with good cochlear reserve and adequate eustachian tube function. Exclusion criteria for our study were patients with sensorineural hearing loss or mixed hearing loss, malignancy, otitis externa and any complication of chronic otitis media. Results: Mean pre-operative and post-operative hearing loss in all patients according to the tympanoplasty done showed that there is a gain of 14.34 dB in Type I, 19.59 dB in Type II and 18.29 dB in Type III. Conclusion: Tympanoplasty is an effective operation for hearing improvement and eradication of disease from middle ear.
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