Objective:To check the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Mimusops elelngi (Bakul), Tinospora cardifolia (Giloy) and Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHX) on common endodontic pathogens like Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and staphylococcus aureus.Materials and Methods:The agar diffusion test was used to check the antimicrobial activity of the Methanolic extracts of the medicinal plants along with CHX. Six different concentrations of the tested agents were used for the study. The values of Zone of Inhibition were tabulated according to the concentration of the tested agent and data was statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post- hoc tests. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC) values were also recorded.Results:All the plants extracts showed considerable antimicrobial activity against selected endodontic pathogens. At 3mg. concentration, O.sanctum was the most effective against S. mutans, M. elengi showed highest zone of inhibition against E.faecalis, whereas CHX was the most effective agent against S.aureus. CHX was also the most consistent of all the medicaments testes, showing inhibitory effect against all the tree pathogens at all the selected concentrations.Conclusions:The Methanolic extract of A.Indica, O.sanctum, M. Elengi, T.cardifolia and Chlorhexidine Gluconate has considerable antimicrobial activity against S. mutans, E. faecalis and S. aureus.
Aims:To check the antimicrobial activity of Azadirachta indica (Neem), Mimusops elengi (Bakul), and Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) on multispecies biofilm of common endodontic pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans.Settings and Design:In vitro dentin disinfection model used to check the antimicrobial efficacy of herbal extracts.Materials and Methods:The in vitro dentin disinfection model was used to check the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extracts of the medicinal plants along with Chlorhexidine gluconate. The polymicrobial biofilm was allowed to grow on extracted teeth sections for a period of 21 days. Remaining microbial load in the form of CFU/ml after the antimicrobial treatment was tabulated, and data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests.Statistical Analysis Used:SPSS version 17, one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test.Results:Both the plant extracts showed considerable antimicrobial efficacy as compared to negative control. 2% CHX was the most effective antimicrobial agent having statistically significant difference against plant extracts and negative control (saline).Conclusion:The methanolic extract of A. Indica, M. elengi, and Chlorhexidine Gluconate has considerable antimicrobial activity against polymicrobial dentinal biofilm of S. mutans, E. faecalis, S. aureus and C. albicans.
The need for ideal restorative material in terms of enhanced clinical performance and longevity is a primary requirement, and concern, in contemporary restorative practice. None of the available restorative materials provide with biomechanical properties similar to that of natural enamel and dentin. Therefore the concept of replacing missing or defective tooth structures with natural enamel or dentin termed as “Biological Restorations” has resurfaced. The current review provides an insight into clinical applications with evidence of success, advantages, limitations, ethical and biosecurity risk concerns regarding biological restorations and also makes an attempt to propose a definition and a classification system based on clinical implications.
Aim:To comparatively assess the antibacterial effectiveness of 5% sodium hypochlorite, 940 nm diode laser, and gaseous ozone against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm produced on the substrate.
Materials and methods:Freshly extracted maxillary central incisor teeth of human source were decoronated and vertically sectioned after biomechanical preparation.The samples were then, after sterilization, placed in Eppendorf tubes filled with 1 mL of bacterial solution containing 1.5 × 10 5 colony-forming units (CFUs)/mL of E. faecalis. Then, these adulterated samples were divided into four groups (n = 8) depending upon the method of disinfection used: group I, 5% sodium hypochlorite (positive control); group II, normal saline (negative control); group III, gaseous ozone; and group IV, 940 nm diode laser.At the conclusion of 3 weeks, all the samples were disinfected according to their groups and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively.
Results:The positive control group (5% sodium hypochlorite) showed statistically significant results in comparison with the other three groups (p < 0.05). Statistically, there was no significant difference found between the experimental groups, i.e., ozone group and diode laser group (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:A 5% sodium hypochlorite showed the highest antibacterial effect against E. faecalis biofilm formed on substrate, i.e., tooth. Both diode laser and gaseous ozone groups have a statistically significant antibacterial action on the infected root canals.Efficacy of 5% Sodium Hypochlorite, 940 nm Diode Laser, and Gaseous Ozone against Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm formed on Tooth Substrate: A Scanning Electron Microscope Study.
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