Banana
plants (Musa spp.) are susceptible to infection
by many plant-parasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne
incognita. In this study, a mixed fermentation broth
of chicken manure (CM) and cassava ethanol wastewater (CEW) was used
to inhibit M. incognita by reducing
egg hatching and by having a lethal effect on second-stage juvenile
nematodes (J2s). It also alleviated nematode damage and promoted banana
plant growth. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS),
we identified methyl palmitate and methyl stearate as bioactive compounds.
These bioactive compounds repelled J2s and inhibited egg hatching;
reduced root galls, egg masses, and nematodes in soil; and downregulated
the essential parasitic nematode genes Mi-flp-18 and 16D10. A Caenorhabditis elegans offspring assay showed that low concentrations of the fermentation
broth, methyl palmitate, and methyl stearate were safe for its life
cycle. This study explored the effective and environmentally safe
strategies for controlling root-knot nematodes.
Healthy soils are essential for sustainable agricultural development and soil health requires careful assessment with increasing societal concern over environmentally friendly agricultural development. Soil health is the capacity of soil to function within ecological boundaries to sustain productivity, maintain environmental quality, and promote plant and animal health. Physical, chemical and biological indicators are used to evaluate soil health; the biological indicators include microbes, protozoa and metazoa. Nematodes are the most abundant metazoa and they vary in their sensitivity to pollutants and environmental disturbance. Soil nematode communities are useful biological indicators of soil health, with community characteristics such as abundance, diversity, community structure and metabolic footprint all closely correlated with the soil environment. The community size, complexity and structure reflect the condition of the soil. Both free-living and plant-parasitic nematodes are effective ecological indicators, contributing to nutrient cycling and having important roles as primary, secondary and tertiary consumers in food webs. Tillage inversion, cropping patterns and nutrient management may have strong effects on soil nematodes, with changes in soil nematode communities reflecting soil disturbance. Some free-living nematodes serve as biological models to test soil condition in the laboratory and because of these advantages soil nematodes are increasingly being used as biological indicators of soil health.
Iron (Fe) deficiency restricts crop yields in calcareous soil. Thus, a novel Fe chelator, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA), based on the natural phytosiderophore 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), was developed to solve the Fe deficiency problem.However, the effects and mechanisms of PDMA relevant to the Fe nutrition and yield of dicots grown under field conditions require further exploration. In this study, pot and field experiments with calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the effects of PDMA on the Fe nutrition and yield of peanuts. The results demonstrated that PDMA could dissolve insoluble Fe in the rhizosphere and up-regulate the expression of the yellow stripe-like family gene AhYSL1 to improve the Fe nutrition of peanut plants. Moreover, the chlorosis and growth inhibition caused by Fe deficiency were significantly diminished. Notably, under field conditions, the peanut yield and kernel micronutrient contents were promoted by PDMA application. Our results indicate that PDMA promotes the dissolution of insoluble Fe and a rich supply of Fe in the rhizosphere, increasing yields through integrated improvements in soil-plant Fe nutrition at the molecular and ecological levels. In conclusion, the efficacy of PDMA for improving the Fe nutrition and yield of peanut indicates its outstanding potential for agricultural applications.
Iron (Fe) deficiency restricts crop yields in calcareous soil. Thus, a
novel Fe chelator, proline-2′-deoxymugineic acid (PDMA), based on the
natural phytosiderophore 2′-deoxymugineic acid (DMA), was developed to
solve the Fe deficiency problem. However, the effects and mechanisms of
PDMA relevant to the Fe nutrition and yield of dicots grown under field
conditions require further exploration. In this study, pot and field
experiments with calcareous soil were conducted to investigate the
effects of PDMA on the Fe nutrition and yield of peanuts. The results
demonstrate that PDMA could dissolve insoluble Fe in the rhizosphere and
up-regulate expression of the yellow stripe-like family gene
AhYSL1 to improve the Fe nutrition of peanuts. Moreover, the
chlorosis and growth inhibition induced by Fe deficiency were
significantly diminished. Importantly, under field conditions, the
peanut yield and kernel micronutrition were notably promoted by PDMA
application. Our results indicate that PDMA promotes the dissolution of
insoluble Fe and a rich supply of Fe in the rhizosphere, increasing
yields through integrated improvements in soil–plant Fe nutrition at
the molecular and ecological levels. In conclusion, the efficacy of PDMA
for improving the Fe nutrition and yield of peanut indicates its
outstanding potential for agricultural applications.
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