No abstract

Peatland is unique, marginal and fragile ecosystem, therefore its utilization should be based on careful research and planning, and requires support from stakeholders. The utilization of peatland by community is generally in the forms of yards, fields, and gardens. The study aims to examine community activities on peatland to be source of livelihood and income. Research was conducted in Bram Itam Raya and Mekar Jaya villages, Tanjung Jabung Barat District. Data were analyzed by using thematic, economic social dimension analysis, and SWOT analysis. The results show the activities that can be source of livelihood and income in peatland are plantation, agriculture, and other forest products while income from non-land are entrepreneurship, services and livestock. People's livelihoods generally are plantation farmers (60.35%), with main commodities pinang, coffee, and palm oil, with average income greater than UMP namely up to Rp4,467,282.61per month. It illustrates that income from peatland can fulfill their needs properly. There is limited knowledge of farmer in cultivating land, selection of plant species that can be adapted to biophysical conditions and how to cope with pests and diseases. To overcome limitation of community knowledge, it is necessary to provide alternative activities and sources of livelihood with agroforestry techniques. ABSTRAKLahan gambut merupakan ekosistem unik, marginal, dan fragile, dalam pemanfaatannya harus didasarkan penelitian dan perencanaan yang matang serta memerlukan dukungan berbagai pihak. Pemanfaatan lahan gambut oleh masyarakat umumnya berupa pekarangan, ladang, dan kebun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kegiatan masyarakat di lahan gambut yang dapat menjadi sumber mata pencaharian dan pendapatan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Bram Itam Raya dan Kelurahan Mekar Jaya, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik, economic social dimension analysis, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan yang dapat menjadi sumber mata pencaharian dan pendapatan di lahan gambut yaitu perkebunan, pertanian, dan hasil hutan lainnya. Pendapatan dari non lahan yaitu wirausaha, jasa tenaga, peternakan. Mata pencaharian masyarakat umumnya sebagai pekebun (60,35%), dengan komoditi andalan pinang, kopi, dan kelapa sawit, dengan pendapatan rata-rata lebih besar dari upah minimum provinsi (UMP) yaitu Rp4.467.282,61 per bulan. Hal ini menggambarkan bahwa pendapatan dari lahan gambut dapat memenuhi kebutuhan hidup layak (KHL) masyarakat. Terdapat keterbatasan pengetahuan petani dalam mengolah lahan, pemilihan jenis tanaman yang sesuai dengan kondisi biofisik lahan gambut, serta cara mengatasi serangan hama penyakit tanaman. Untuk mengatasi keterbatasan pengetahuan masyarakat, perlu untuk menyediakan pilihan kegiatan dan sumber mata pencaharian dengan teknik agroforestri.Kata kunci: Lahan gambut, mata pencaharian, pendapatan.

The indigenous community of Kasepuhan Karang has legal authority to manage a 486 ha forest area in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) as a customary forest. As 95% of the customary forest is located in the conservation area of the GHSNP, the Kasepuhan Karang community is responsible for conserving and utilizing forest resources sustainably. Due to the diverse landscape, biodiversity, and their ecological function of the area as well as the necessity to increase community welfare, managing customary forest is challenging. The scientific information on vegetation diversity, proportion, and its compatibility to the landscape characteristic and function will assist the customary leader(s) to apply proper strategies based on ecological and economic benefits. This study was aimed to calculate the economic benefits of the forest for the community and identify the compatible commercial crops that meet with the ecology of the customary forest. The research was conducted in Jagaraksa village of Lebak District, Banten Province, during the period from April to November 2018. The data analysis used was descriptive analysis and market prices. The highest value of economic benefits was obtained from plantation crops, with a benefit value per unit of above IDR 10 million/unit, namely petai (Parkia speciosa), jengkol (Archidendron pauciflorum), coffee (Coffea sp) and sugar palm (Arenga pinnata). Thus, these four species are highly recommended to be cultivated by the Kasepuhan Karang community.

Changes in forest area may include changes in forest designation through exchange process and release of forest areas such as for plantation and industry. The changes will have direct impact on the community, especially ABSTRAKPerubahan kawasan hutan dapat berupa perubahan peruntukan melalui proses tukar menukar kawasan hutan dan pelepasan kawasan hutan untuk berbagai kepentingan seperti perkebunan dan industri. Akibat dari perubahan peruntukan kawasan hutan akan berdampak langsung terhadap masyarakat, terutama yang berbatasan dengan areal yang akan dirubah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengetahuan dan harapan masyarakat sekitar hutan terhadap perubahan peruntukan kawasan hutan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, Provinsi Riau. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan metode wawancara. Responden dipilih secara purposive random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap hutan, manfaat dan akibat kerusakan hutan adalah negatif, sedangkan pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap keberadaan perusahaan kelapa sawit adalah positif. Hal ini karena pemahaman masyarakat terhadap hutan masih rendah. Masyarakat umumnya setuju apabila kawasan hutan yang nantinya akan menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit dikeluarkan atau dilepaskan dari kawasan hutan, dan berharap dapat meningkatkan pendapatannya. Tingginya harapan masyarakat disebabkan lahan yang selama ini diolah untuk kebun kelapa dalam sudah tidak produktif karena sering terkena intrusi air laut. Dengan adanya kerja sama antara masyarakat dengan perusahaan, maka perusahaan membantu masyarakat membangun tanggul di lahan yang terkena intrusi air laut,sehingga lahan bisa dimanfaatkan kembali.Kata kunci: Pengetahuan; harapan; perubahan kawasan hutan; peruntukan kawasan hutan.

Customary forest utilization to improve the indigenous (adat) community welfare must be in line with local wisdom and preserving ecological function, even though they are no longer part of the state forest. In term of sustainable customary forest management, knowledge related to customary forest utilization and community welfare is getting significant to be study object. The paper aims to identify and analyse the determinants of indigenous community’s income. It was conducted in indigenous community of Kasepuhan Karang, Banten in 2018. Data collection was taken by purposive sampling, processed by ordinal logistic correlation and descriptive analysis. The results show the indigenous community has high level of dependence on the forest through on and off farm. From the respondents, the average income from forest use is below the regional minimum wage. While from the partial test results, it is concluded the land owned area and the livelihood type have a significant positive effect on the income level. Therefore, land distribution should be well managed due to conservation issue and livelihoods diversification to increase income level. Nonetheless, formal education level undetermined on income level. Informal education, capacity building of the community regarding to sustainable customary forest management needs to be organized.